The Simpsons :: essays research papers

The SimpsonsThe Simpsons is a cartoon series produced by Gracie Films for Twentieth Century bedevil and Fox Ne iirk. It began as a series for The Tracey Ullman show on April 19, 1987, and premiered as a series on December 17, 1989, in the 8pm-time slot. It started to be shown regularly on sunlights beginning on January 14, 1990. The second, third, fourth, and one-fifth seasons were brodcasted by Fox on Thursday nights in the 8pm time slot. It then returned to Sunday nights beginning with the sixth season. The first three seasons were animated by Klasky-Csuupo, who also worked on The Tracey Ullman show. Film Roman animated the fourth fifth and sixth seasons. flat Groening changed television forever when he brought animation back to prime time with The Simpsons. Groening also wrote and the fox entertainment series Futurama. The Simpsons was Matt Groenings introduction into the world of animation. Groening has also published many Simpson Comics. Itchy and Scratchy Bart and Lisas fav orite cartoon. Bartman, Barts secret identity. hot Man, Barts favorite comic book. Lisa Comics and Krusty Comics. The Simpsons Family was created in fifteen minutes while Matt Groening waited in the foyer of James L. permit office. The Simpsons family consists of six people. Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, Maggie, Grandpa, and Santas Little Helper, the family dog. Homer Simpson is 36 years old and weighs around 260 pounds. He works as the safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. His favorite foods are donuts, pork rinds, and Krusty Burgers. His favorite beverage is Duff Beer. Marge Simpson is 34 years old and weighs about one hundred thirty-five pounds. She has fears of flying and has been convicted of shoplifting at the Kwik-E-Mart. Her hair color is blue 56 and her favorite singer is Tom Jones. Grandpa is around the age of 65 and has two sons Homer J. Simpson and Herb, the result of meeting a girl at a carnival one night. His real name is Abraham Simpson, he lives at the Springfield privacy Castle and his favorite past time is napping.There are three children in the simpsons family Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. Bart is ten years old and his idol is Krusty the Clown. His best freind is Millhouse and he is famous for classroom disruption, prank calls to Moes, practical jokes, and vandalism. Lisa is eight years old and admires Ralph Wiggum and Millhouse Van Houghte. Her hidden talent is picking winning football teams and her rival is Allison Taylor.

Hawthorne To Faulkner: The Evolution Of The Short Story Essay examples

Hawthorne to Faulkner The Evolution of the Short StoryNathaniel Hawthorne and William Faulkners short stories materialisation Goodman brownness and A Rose for Emily use a moral to endorse particular ideals or values. Through their characters examination and evaluation of one a nonher, the authors lesson is brought forth. The authors style of preaching morals is reminiscent of the fables of Aesop and the religious parables of the Old and New Testament. The reader is faced with a life lesson after reading Hawthornes untried Goodman brown you cannot judge other people. A similar moral is presented in Faulkners A Rose for Emily. The use of morals combined with elements of Romantic term writing show the stories of Hawthorne and Faulkner to be descendants both of fables and of Romance literature.Nathaniel Hawthornes unexampled Goodman Brown tells the story of a young man who decides to league himself with the devil. Goodman Brown is a citizen of a typical town with its share of good people and not-so good people. Goodman Brown believed that he knew the inhabitants of the town fairly well. He knew Goody Cloyse, for example, to be a very pious and exemplary dame, who had taught him his catechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual advisor, jointly with the minister and Deacon Gookin (598). He knew Deacon Gookin was a exigent man of the Church and was always bound to some ordination or ecclesiastical council (599). However, in his travels through the woods with the old man, Goodman Brown notices Goody Cloyse progressing eat the path.A marvel, truly that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall, he Goodman Brown said (598).Just as he begins to mother doubts about the womans pureness of heart, he comes across Deacon Gookin in the woods as well. As they are supposedly fine, upstanding citizens of the village, Goodman Brown has to wonder why they are traveling through the woods on the same path that he is taking with the devil. After wards, he is astonished to see not only these two upstanding citizens at Satans ceremony, but almost everyone else in the town as well. It is through his assumption that his fellow townsfolk were good that Goodman Brown learns the storys most important lesson namely that you should not judge people at face value anyone can invest on airs, and his encountering of the devils ceremony emphasize... ...bthat he was not a marrying man (461).Later in the story, Faulkner makes reference to Emilys possible necrophilia, although no flat statement is ever made. Homosexuality and necrophilia would in no way be topics to be discussed in Hawthornes time. As a groundbreaking writer, Faulkner had a considerable amount of freedom in what he wrote, and this freedom is reflected in his work. The short story began as fables and parables that evolved into more complex psychological studies of virtues, ideals, and values. Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown emphasizes these morals as he examine s the inner workings of his main characters thoughts as he encounters the devil and the townspeople. Faulkner also uses these techniques in his modern style of writing, however he tailors them to fit the more controversial issue of his genesis while still maintaining a hold on the past generation he is examining. Over time, values and ideals stay the same, but the manner in which the technique is used evolves with current affairs and modern vocabulary.Works CitedCharters, Ann. The Story and Its author An Introduction to Short Fiction. Boston Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1995.

Free Essays On Shakespeares Sonnet 14 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 14   Not from the stars do i my judgement pluck, And yet methinks I have astronomy- still not to tell of good or evil luck, Of plagues, of dearths, or seasons quality Nor can I wad to Brief minutes tell, Pointing to each his thunder, rain, and wind, Or say with princes if it shall go well By oft predict that I in heaven find But from thine eyes my knowledge I derive, And, constant stars, in them I read suck art As truth and beauty shall together thrive If from thy self-importance to store thou wouldst convert Or else of thee this I prognosticate- Thy end is truths and beautys doom and date.     1-2 I do not draw my conclusions from the stars, and yet I think I understand astrology 3-4 but (astrology) has never forecasted (to me) good or bad luck, or of plagues, or of dearths, or of the quality of the forecoming seasons 5-6 Nor can I prognosticate (from the stars) every iodine minute, assigning to each minute that is, whether or not it will thunder or rain or wind, 7-8 Or say that all will be well by signs (of the stars), which looking to the sky (for answers) is my habit 9-10 only from your eyes do I form my knowledge, and, in your eyes (which are constant stars), do I see such(prenominal) art 11-12 As truth or beauty thriving together, if you would convert from yourself to store as in store cattle The paraphrase for the three quatrains may not seem necessary, as it is moderately straightfoward in its meaning however, the couplet provides ambiguity. The couplet is where Shakespeare usually makes an antithesis of the three quatrains or presents some ambiguity, the latter of which is this one. I have found

Fishing for Words Essay -- Essays Papers

Fishing for WordsGive a man a fish you have fed him for today. Teach a man to fish you have fed him for a lifetime (http//www.amatecon.com/fish.html). This quote can be applied to illiteracy in America basically soul unenlightened cannot live on their own until they have been taught the basics, withdrawing and writing. According to Kozols essay The Human live of an Illiterate Society the government, administration, and batch of gritty power live by the beginning of the quote (Kozol, The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society). They help somebody illiterate make a living until the soul is start of their control. Yet the government, administrations, and society maintain control through illiteracy.Illiteracy is spreading like a plague through modern society. It affects part of our lives in one way or another. The illiteracy rate per capita is alarming especially to see that the numbers be on the rise. Thirteen percent of Colorado adults are illiterate (www.nces.ed.gov). Approximat ely 4,420,000 people live in Colorado, and if thirteen percent are illiterate, accordingly 54,600 people are illiterate (www.census.gov). Almost one out of every 85 people is illiterate.An illiterate is stereotypically defined as a middle-aged adult who wears scruffy clothes. Yet in reality most illiterate look like every other person wearing jeans and a t-shirt walking down the street. The hardest roadblock for an illiterate is the ability to read. Since an illiterate cannot read or write then the person cannot work. In order to compensate our government has it in their heads that if they give welfare money to someone who is illiterate then they will go and try to learn to read and write. Why is the governments head on backwards? The only thing that... ...enerations. As it stands, people who are literate in America live by Darwins theory of Survival of the Fittest. The strong prey on the weak, just as someone who is literate preys on the illiterate. With the proposed solutions th ere will be a greater chance of equality amongst the American society. So if America just took one bit to teach the man to fish, there would be an end to illiteracy in America.Works Cited- Give a Man a Fish.Ross Nordeen. June 3, 1999 http//www.amatecon.com/fish.html- Kozol, Jonathan. The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society. Reading Critically, Writing Well A Reader and Guide. Axelrod and Cooper. 6th ed. Bedford/ St. Martins. 2002. 346-352.- National Center for Educational Statistics. www.nces.ed.gov- United States Census Bureau. www.census.gov

The film Stigmata & the Challenge of Conceptualizing Women as Spiritual Agents :: Free Essays Online

The film Stigmata & the Challenge of Conceptualizing Women as Spiritual AgentsThe history of western religion has, for the most part been a history of mens religious stories, practices, and writings. It is quite rare and exceptional to find accounts of religion or practicing groups that place womens mothers at the center. Books, films, and various other cultural products bear this out by demonstrating a stubborn lack of attention to womens religious experiences. At first glance, the movie Stigmata seems akin a film that defies this generalization. The movie, starring Patricia Arquette, places a female protagonist and her mystical experiences with Christ at the center of the plot. The woman is modeled after a big(p) figure in the Catholic tradition, St. Francis, and hers is seemingly the story around which the entire movie is structured. Though this apparently unusual use of a womans direct experience with God seems on an immediate level to be very transgressive, however, the film ends up being even more hegemonic, in a sense because of the guidance in which it subtly reinforces normative notions of the male-centeredness of supernatural experiences of God in the Catholic tradition.In this paper I will look at how Stigmata represents sex and sex activity roles in the Catholic church and in secular America and of how it uses womens sexuality and assumptions about womens lack of spiritual agency to ultimately undermine the legitimacy of authoritative feminine experience with the Christian God. I will argue that the movies emphasis on very structuralist notions of good and evil, man and woman, pure and impure, inevitably sets up a system in which a females religious authority will be lost. A patriarchal tradition, as the Catholic church most certainly represents, essential always scramble to accommodate the abnormality of a woman experiencing a direct link with God. The unwillingness to imagine a situation in which a character like that of Patricia Arquettes character, Frankie, would have a legitimate direct experience with God is a common one throughout the Western (and Western-occupied) world. The emphasis on only granting legitimacy to the written word in the Western religious tradition has always created an environment of hostility to womens non-discursive religious experiences. This paper will in like manner look at how the religious conflicts between the Western patriarchal tradition and female members of a non-Western religious tradition (specifically a group of Ngarrindjeri women) have unfolded and at how such conflicts are similar to the conflict that is represented between Frankie and the priests who would control her in Stigmata.

The film Stigmata & the Challenge of Conceptualizing Women as Spiritual Agents :: Free Essays Online

The film Stigmata & the Challenge of Conceptualizing Women as Spiritual AgentsThe history of Western religion has, for the most part been a history of mens ghostlike stories, practices, and writings. It is quite rare and exceptional to find accounts of religion or practicing groups that place womens experiences at the center. Books, films, and various other cultural products endorse this out by demonstrating a stubborn lack of attention to womens religious experiences. At first glance, the movie Stigmata seems like a film that defies this generalization. The movie, starring Patricia Arquette, places a female protagonist and her mystical experiences with Christ at the center of the plot. The woman is modeled after a great figure in the Catholic tradition, St. Francis, and hers is patently the story around which the entire movie is structured. Though this apparently unusual use of a womans direct experience with God seems on an immediate level to be very transgressive, however, the film ends up being even more hegemonic, in a sense because of the way in which it subtly reinforces normative notions of the male-centeredness of sorcerous experiences of God in the Catholic tradition.In this paper I will look at how Stigmata represents sex and gender roles in the Catholic church and in secular America and of how it uses womens sexuality and assumptions about womens lack of spiritual agency to ultimately undermine the legitimacy of authentic feminine experience with the Christian God. I will argue that the movies emphasis on very structuralist notions of good and evil, man and woman, pure and impure, inevitably sets up a system in which a females religious authority will be lost. A patriarchal tradition, as the Catholic church most certainly represents, must always scramble to accommodate the irregularity of a woman experiencing a direct link with God. The unwillingness to imagine a situation in which a character like that of Patricia Arquettes character, Frankie, would have a legitimate direct experience with God is a common one throughout the Western (and Western-occupied) world. The emphasis on only granting legitimacy to the written tidings in the Western religious tradition has always created an environment of hostility to womens non-discursive religious experiences. This paper will also look at how the religious fightings amidst the Western patriarchal tradition and female members of a non-Western religious tradition (specifically a group of Ngarrindjeri women) have unfolded and at how such conflicts are similar to the conflict that is represented between Frankie and the priests who would control her in Stigmata.

Human Resource control Essay

I want to first start off by saying thank you for the opportunity to handle such an important and photosensitive matter such as the internal control for the LJB Company. First and foremost I want you to be aware of the requirements of your company if you do decide to go public. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) which was passed by congress requires all publicly traded U.S corporations to maintain an adequate system of internal control. Corporate executives and boards of directors like yourself must ensure that these controls are received and effective. In addition, independent outside auditors must attest to the adequacy of the internal control system.Companies that fail to comply are subject to fines, and company officers can be imprisoned. LJB Company is currently doing some things well that I suggest they continue. The use of pre-numbered invoices allows for missing or undocumented invoices to be caught quickly. This practice is considered a documentation outgrowth under int ernal controls. Having two managers approve new hires helps ensure a good fit. Its good that the accountant completes bank reconciliation. While using a bank is a form of control for cash, the reconciliation enables LJB to make sure there are no errors between what the bank and what they have on the books. there are a number of practices by LJB that dont deter fraud and would ask to be changed before considering going public. Segregation of duties The duties for handling assets need to be separated amongst multiple employees. Employees that handle cash should non be involved in the bank reconciliation or invoices. Employees responsible for purchasing should not have any payment or reconciliation duties. By segregating duties, there is more than one person involved in the sales and purchasing wheel so that one person cannot be behind a fake operation or remove cash or purchased assets without it being noticed by another. Access to assets All employees should not have access to pe tty cash. The cash should be locked and those with a key should ensure proper documentation for cash distributed to be sure it is authorized.The person responsible for reconciling the petty cash should do so randomly to deter its abuse. As far the indelible ink instrument I see no problem printing your own checks as long as you use pre-numbered check stock paper to write the checks. differently you will not know that you have accounted for every check written. Also, this is an area of responsibility that should be segregated. The person responsible for printing the checks should not have the sureness to sign them. This will help insure they are not writing checks to themselves. LJB should consider purchasing the indelible ink printer once they have the manpower to have the duties segregated. By using indelible ink, the checks printed will be harder to change once printed, which is a good physical control of cash.Paycheck Lock-Up Although the accountant is lock the employees pay checks over the weekend, he should actually be locking them at all times. Anytime the accountant steps away from their desk and these checks are not locked, sensitive employee knowledge is vulnerable. Background checks I recommend that LJB implement the Human Resource control of conducting background checks of all employees before officially hiring.This way they will discover if the electric potential employee has a past that could negatively impact the company (fraud, theft, other criminal activity) Passwords Passwords are a key control preventing employees from accessing data outside of their duties and changing transaction data from initial amounts to cover up errors, fraud or theft. Everyone should have an individual password and not reveal it to another. Changing passwords periodically is a scoop up practice. I hope that LJB finds this report helpful and that it prepares them for potentially going public.

The Motives for Holding Inventory Explained

In the hustle and bustle of the Christmas normalize, retailers stock their inventory with dozens of Christmas items in anticipation of the holiday rush. When Christmas has passed, the store is left with Christmas items that did not sell. To make room for the next calendar holiday, the retailer allow for sell their Christmas overstock at organic discounts. Whatever doesnt sell will be restocked in inventory for the next Christmas season.The retailer is able to get a jump-start for the next Christmas season by placing break years Christmas inventory out in October. A good business operation understands that there will be time when holding inventory becomes crucial in their success. From not wanting to spend additional funds on restocking, to preparing for fluctuations in market conditions, motives for holding inventory be indispensable in inventory management.There are 4 motives for holding inventory Production smoothing, inventories as a factor of production, stock-out avoidance , and work in happen (Gregory, 2007). Production smoothing, the first of the four motives, involves preparing for fluctuations in sales, as well as seeking a more economically sound way to continue production. When sales offset production either positively or negatively, inventories will rise or fall. With production smoothing, it is more logical to produce items at a constant quantity rate (Gregory, 2007).The second motive is consideration for inventories as a factor of production. Lets say that a drama teacher is looking for a Christmas tree in June for his Christmas in July production. The overstock from last years Christmas season assists in the retailer not losing business because they restocked Christmas trees that didnt sell from last year. The third motive, stock-out avoidance, protects a business from contractual risk, as well as lost sales in the event of high demand (Fafechamps, 1997). With contractual risk, both(prenominal) the business and the client run the risk of not adhering to a contract, but inthe way of business, holding inventory provides better odds that the business will have what the client requires in order to conduct business and comply with their contract (Fafechamps, 1997).In addition to this motive, being prepared for unexpected demand is imperious in keeping business. For example, an unexpected freeze in the fall could cause people to shop in droves for firewood. The retailer who does not meet the demand will lose business and retain the reputation of not being sufficiently stocked. The final motive, although not really a motive at all, is work in progress. Any unfinished item in the store must also be counted as inventory (Gregory, 2007).If you have ever walked into a store to vitiate a specific item and found that the store does not have it in stock, you may avoid the store all together in the future. guardianship inventory is important for both the business and the customer. It ensures repeated business and makes for smoo th sailing.References1. Gregory, Mankiw & Cronovich, Ron C. (2007) Investments and Inventory. January 2007. www.cwu.edu/wassellc/ECON%20302/Investment.pdf.2. Fafechamp, Marcel, Gunning, Jan W. & Oostendorp, Remco. (1997) Inventory, Liquidity and Contractual Risk in Marketing. January 2007.

Ipv4 to Ipv6 Transition

I P v 4 TO IP v 6 TRANSITION UPDATE 2011 An overview of the new meshing a ddressing protocol, its implications for b usiness and government, and Telstras a pproach to the mutation. WHITE PAPER September 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY scalawag 3 W eyelid IS IPv6? PAGE 4 IPv4 apostrophize lick OUT PAGE 5 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IPv4 ADDRESSES RUN OUT? PAGE 6 GOVERNMENT MANDATES PAGE 8 INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IPv6 PAGE 10 WHAT DOES THE TRANSITION MEAN FOR BUSINESS? PAGE 13 WHAT IS TELSTRAS APPROACH TO THE TRANSITION? PAGE 14 WHAT SHOULD BUSINESSES DO NOW?PAGE 16 proof PAGE 18 APPENDIX IP ADDRESSING PAGE 19 REFERENCES PAGE 21 WHY TELSTRA? PAGE 22 FIGURES & TABLES FIGURE 1 IPv6 ECOSYSTEM PAGE 6 FIGURE 2 DUAL-STACK SUPPORTS BOTH PROTOCOLS IN PAR tout ensembleEL WITHIN ONE NETWORK PAGE 7 FIGURE 3 EXAMPLE OF A DUAL-STACK entre TO THE INTERNET PAGE 14 TABLE 1 IP ADDRESS HEADER FORMATS PAGE 19 TABLE 2 INDIVIDUAL ADDRESSES AND NOTATION PAGE 20 TABLE 3 UNIQUE LOCAL ADDRESS RANGE PAG E 20 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IPv4 is the dominant computer addressing protocol employ on the lucre and virtually private lucres today.With the current exp iodinntial growth in meshing affairrs human beings big, combined with the limited address range of IPv4, the number of in stock(predicate) public IPv4 addresses last outing is actually limited. IPv6 is the next-generation Internet protocol that allow for replace IPv4, providing a vastly expanded address space. This white paper extends an update on the current manufacture status of IPv6, how the IPv4 to IPv6 alteration allow for affect some organisations, and Telstras perspective on the transition. Internet revolution IPv4, the dominant addressing protocol, is rapidly streak out of capacity and leave alone be replaced by IPv6The protocol that governs communication on the Internet (and most intranets) today is called Internet Protocol version 4, or IPv4. The popularity of the Internet has caused a shortage of public I Pv4 addresses and they atomic number 18 quickly feastning out, with the world(a) register of IPv4 addresses from the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) exhausted in February 2011 and the Asia-Pacific regional registry in April 2011I. Other Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) are expected to be exhausted amid 2012 and 2014II. Once this happens, no more IPv4 addresses will be allocated to Internet assistance suppliers (ISPs).Individual ISP run-out will dep give the sack upon how well each ISP dispenses its address pools compared to the send of each ISPs subscriber growth. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a popular issue and one which the industry will spend more time managing in the coming old age. The transition is complex and will hold IPv6 support by an passim industry ecosystem. The ecosystem includes customer premise equipment, modems/ nursing home gateways, network systems, way (OSS/BSS, tools), case and application programs. Telstras Approach Telstras approach is base on the dual-stack solution, allowing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-existTelstra will check up on that customers screw migrate to IPv6 at their own pace, with stripped-down impact to operate Telstra has been objectning for the IPv6 transition for a number of years. We confine a defined transition strategy and a well- advance(a) IPv6 implementation platform. Our strategy for IPv6 existence is based on the dual-stack solution, allowing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-exist until the transition to IPv6 is complete. This approach will make sure that the transition occurs with minimal impact to customers. Customers will not be forced to locomote to IPv6 overnight they move position and migrate to IPv6 as they become ready.Telstra is already testing dual-stack engine room on a number of key networks and returns to seamlessly introduce IPv6. Similar to assistance suppliers, businesses face a challenge in undertaking the complex transition of their I Pv4 internal ecosystems without impacting function. Just as Telstra has done, it is advised that every online or IT-based business should prepare an IPv4 to IPv6 transition strategy. Telstra will provide timely teaching and updates on our own program of work to assist customers, suppliers and another(prenominal)s in the industry to manage their transition. 3 WHAT IS IP v 6?IPv6 was designed during the mid-1990s, when the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) complete that IPv4 address size constraints would soon be a major impediment to the continued growth of the Internet. IPv6 was first known as the Next Generation Internet Protocol (IPng) during development inside the IETF. Since 1998, it has officially been known as IPv6. In the transition to IPv6, both IPv6 and IPv4 will co-exist until IPv6 eventually replaces IPv4. The most obvious disagreement between IPv6 and IPv4 is the vastly expanded IP address space functional The most obvious difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is t he address size.IPv6 addresses comprise 128 bits, whereas IPv4 addresses comprise 32 bits. This difference results in a huge expansion in purchasable IP address space ? I Pv4 2 32 a ddresses equals 4. 3 jillion addresses (less than the global human p opulation of 4. 7 billion) ? I Pv6 2 128 a ddresses. Because the last 64 bits are used to allocate a ddresses within a subnet, that leaves 2 64, which equals 18 billion billion s ubnet addresses. IPv6 is not backwardly compatible with IPv4 Whilst IPv6 performs the same address function as IPv4, IPv6 is not backwardly compatible with IPv4. Therefore, an IP info session must use either IPv4 or IPv6 end-to-end.IPv6 and IPv4 can be used together with translation mechanisms such as Application Layer Gateways when the applications are known and supported end-to end. 4 IP v 4 ADDRESS RUN OUT The global top-level registration body, IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), exhausted its sum of available IPv4 addresses in February 2011. A PNIC (Asia Pacific internet Information Centre) is the Regional Internet Registry which allocates IP addresses in the Asia-Pacific region. Unfortunately for Australia, APNIC effectively ran out of addresses in April 2011. The Asia-Pacific is alike the highest growth region for IP address llocation. Telstra and any other ISP in the Asia-Pacific region are now only eligible for a total apportionment of 1024 further addresses from APNIC. There will be no further large allocations of IPv4 addresses for Asia-Pacific ISPs Because no further large allocations of IPv4 addresses are available, the ability of Asia-Pacific ISPs to allocate IPv4 addresses for new customers depends on the number of addresses they already hold, the rate at which they are using them for new go, and the ISPs capability to adopt address translation technologies, which may reduce their rate of address demand.These factors will be incompatible for each ISP, so it is likely that ISPs across the industry will run out of IPv4 addresses across a wide timeframe some may run out within only a couple of years, others may be able to delay that exhaustion well into the early. 5 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IP v 4 ADDRESSES RUN OUT? Internal try networks using private IPv4 addresses will not be affected IPv4 and IPv6 will co-exist on the Internet for many a(prenominal) years Firstly, internal enterprise networks using private IPv4 addresses will not be impacted.Nor will the run-out impact existing IPv4 networks and IPv4 based services already allocated IPv4 addresses they will continue to operate normally. Secondly, IPv4 and IPv6 will co-exist in the Internet for many years, quite likely for decades. Unlike Y2K, at that place is no cut-off date when IPv4 use will cease and the world will fully migrate to IPv6. The plan is for gradual transition different regions and industry players will move to IPv6 at different rates. Consequently, end users will need the capability to access both IPv4 and IPv6 conten t and services on the Internet. This dual apability may be inherent in the end users equipment, or may be provided transparently by their or the content publishers ISPs. To enable this dual protocol access during the transition period, technology solutions were developed in conjunction with the development of the IPv6 protocol in the mid-1990s. Three categories of transition technologies exist ? Tunnelling encapsulates one protocol within another (e. g. IPv6 in IPv4, IPv4 in IPv6) ? Protocol exposition translates packets between protocols (e. g. IPv6 to IPv4) ? Dual-stack support both protocols in parallel within one network. Telstras dual-stack path nables both protocols to co-exist on our networks Telstra has chosen the dual-stack path, enabling both protocols on its networks. The use of dual stack will tell our customers mystify the current functionality of IPv4 always available to them even spot they start deploying IPv6 in their systems. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a known issue which the industry will live with to manage over the coming years. The transition will take time as it will require IPv6 support by an industry end-to-end eco-system including CPE, modems/home gateways, networks, systems (OSS/BSS, tools), content and applications.Figure 1 IPv6 Ecosystem Systems & tools Carrier/ ISP Client apps Consumer electronics Modems Operating systems Mobile handsets Public IPv6 Content/Apps Global Internet Network vendors Content/Apps Systems & tools Servers IPv6 is the accepted solution, however, moving the entire ecosystem to IPv6 will take many years Source Telstra 6 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IP v 4 ADDRESSES RUN OUT? Telstra continually monitors industry developments with regard to the other transition technologies and we may choose to apply other methods where appropriate. Co-existence of IPv4 and IPv6Dual-stack (IPv6/IPv4) remains the accepted industry direction for the introduction of IPv6. Tunnelling has sometimes been used by early IPv6 adopt ers where native IPv6 has not been available end-to-end. IPv4 to IPv6 protocol translation mechanisms may also be applied in the future in certain circumstances. Figure 2 Dual-stack supports both protocols in parallel within one network Applications TCP/UDP IPv6 IPv4 Physical Layer Dual sens binding Applications TCP/UDP IPv6 IPv4 Physical Layer 7 GOVERNMENT MANDATES Some Governments fork over set mandates to ensure a well-managed transition rom IPv4 to IPv6 before IPv4 addresses run out The importance of continued Internet growth has been recognised by many governments ascribable to its critical role for areas such as e-commerce, healthcare services and public information dissemination. This has led some governments to set IPv6 technology mandates to ensure a well-managed transition from IPv4 to IPv6 prior to the run-out of IPv4 addresses. The smooth and ball clubed adoption of these technologies will ensure continued Internet connectivity for all of their citizens. Initially invested at enterprises, institutions and government elated Internet services, IPv6 mandates are now being issued for consumer broadband services The technology mandates have been primarily targeted at enterprises, institutions and departments that provide governments with their Internet connectivity services. Only recently IPv6 mandates for consumer broadband services have been issued. North America In August 2005, the US OMB (Office of guidance and Budgets) issued Memorandum M 05 22 Transition Planning for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). This sets the US Federal Agencies a hard deadline for compliance to IPv6 on their core IP networks.This mandate led many major US Service Providers (e. g. AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, QWest, NTT America) to develop government and enterprise solutions to allow agencies to buy IPv6 products and services to meet their core connectivity requirements. In practice, all of the agencies met the mandate because they were able to demonstrate that their backb one networks were capable of carrying IPv6 packets by the agreed deadline. However, there was no need to very implement IPv6-based services. A draft roadmap for IPv6 adoption by the US Government has recently been prepared. EuropeThe European Commission communicated an IPv6 action plan in May 2008. The target was to have 25% of European customers accessing the Internet using IPv6 by 2010, which challenges all players (ISPs, content providers, customer premise equipment vendors, governments and organisations) to work towards this target. Asia Many Asian countries, including China, Japan and Korea have been early adopters of IPv6 due to government mandates. For example ? C hinese Government Strategy C hina Next Generation Internet (CNGI) sets o ut a quintette year plan (2006-2010) for the adoption of IPv6 Korean Government Strategy T he Korean Government has the strategic IPv6 Promotion Plan II, which sets a hallucination of deploying IPv6 for the public sector. 8 GOVERNMENT MANDAT ES Australia The AGIMO (Australian Government Information care Office) has set the following timeframes for IPv6 adoption within the Australian Government and its departments ? Preparation Jan 2008 December 2009 ? Transition Jan 2010 December 2011 ? carrying out Jan 2012 December 2012. The Australian Department of Defence has also mandated a move to IPv6. 9INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IP v 6 Industry has been heavy to adopt IPv6 since few commercial endeavorrs exist Across the globe, the industry has been slow to adopt IPv6, since very few commercial drivers for migration have existed at present. By its very nature, the Internet involves a huge number of disparate groups and thus a coordinated approach is difficult to achieve. The lack of a commercial imperative is due to a chicken and egg situation why support IPv6 in the equipment if there are no IPv6 services, and why create an IPv6 service if nobody can use it?This situation is now changing with the occurrence of the global IPv 4 exhaustion. Nevertheless, while many parts of the industry are now supporting IPv6, others are dawdle behind. The following is a brief analysis of the readiness of key industry sectors Network Equipment Generally, network equipment vendors already provide IPv6 dual-stack support In the main, network equipment vendors already provide IPv6 support (dual-stack) for the core and edge of networks. Key vendors have been hardware and softwareready for several years, with equipment deployed in small-scale trials.Even though IPv6 capability has existed in most network routing equipment for some time, it has often not been enabled for use. Network control path functions like DNS, DHCP and RADIUS, however, are not yet uniformly supported for IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack across all vendors. These remain among the work in progress issues for the industry. Internet Infrastructure Global IPv6 interconnectivity is now growing rapidly Global IPv6 Backbones As IPv4 and IPv6 do not interwork, it is essenti al there is global IPv6 interconnectivity connatural to the IPv4 Internet today. The global network of IPv6 interconnectivity is now growing rapidly.We expect there will be a substantial interconnected Australian IPv6 backbone between many, if not most, ISPs by the end of 2011. Domain Name Servers IPv6 devices will work Internet domain names into IP addresses using IPv6 completely A critical step along the path to IPv6 was implemented on 4 February 2008, when ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) assigned IPv6 addresses and provided IPv6 connectivity to six of the Internets root domain name servers (DNS). Similar enhancements are being made to other top-level DNS (e. g. for . com and . org). The APNIC servers for the . u domain also have IPv6 connectivity. These enhancements to DNS will allow IPv6 devices to resolve Internet domain names into IP addresses entirely using IPv6. Service Providers To connect to the global IPv6 Internet, customers will need to us e a service provider that supports IPv6 and provides the required connectivity through to the global IPv6 backbones. 10 INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IP v 6 Enterprise Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Service providers in the US have begun offering dual-stack VPN services largely to support federal agencies in response to US Government mandates.Telstras dualstack IPv6 VPN product capabilities are in an advanced stage of development. Broadband There are all the same few consumer broadband IPv6 offerings from ISPs, but it is expected there will be an increasing number in the Australian market during 2011-12. Customer Environment In general, few modem gateways and other consumer on-premise equipment currently support IPv6 Consumer Modems and IP Devices In general, very few modem gateways and other CPE appliances in use by consumers currently support IPv6. The main exception includes some high-end PDA industrious phones running Windows Mobile, and some CPE made for specific markets such as Jap an.In the vast majority of cases, these IPv4-only devices will not be economically upgradeable to support IPv6. This is because the device is not upgradeable in any way, or because additional resources (e. g. flash remembrance or RAM) are required to support IPv6. IPv6 capability from many consumer gateway vendors is only starting to be released during 2011. The long lifespan of broadband modem gateways means that many consumers will not have IPv6 connectivity capability for several years unless they opt to replace their modem with a dual-stack capable gateway. Mobile HandsetsDual-stack IPv4/IPV6 capability is expected to become available on selected new mobile handsets during 2011/12. Carriers will need to support IPv6 in their networks for handset use of IPv6 to be possible. Operating Systems Most, if not all, mainstream consumer and business operate systems available now have IPv6/IPv4 dual stack capability. However, legacy systems with either no or limited IPv6 capability (suc h as Windows XP) are expected to be in widespread use for several years yet. 11 INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IP v 6 Applications and Content ApplicationsMany applications will work when used with IPv6. Others will need to be checked and modified Applications have to be specifically written to take improvement of IPv4/IPv6 dual stack capabilities in the underlying operating system. In many cases, applications will work correctly when used over an IPv6 network. Others will need to be checked and modified to meet the dual-stack requirements and take advantage of IPv4/IPv6 dualstack capabilities built in to most recent underlying operating systems. Applications can be divided into the following major categories ?S erver applications Servers typically include clear servers, database s ervers and mail servers, but can also include others such as those used for multiplayer online gaming. The applications running on these servers respond to requests from client applications which are carried ac ross I P networks ? C lient applications End users run client applications which initiate requests to server applications across IP networks (the web browser being the most general example) ? Peer-to-peer applications In this case the end user application acts as both a c lient and a server and can communicate directly with other users across I P networks.Most applications interface at the IP socket layer and wont be affected whether the transport is IPv4 or IPv6. However, some applications may have been originally written in a way that ties them to IPv4, and these will have to be modified. Some examples include ? Use of hard coded IPv4 addresses ? IP address data structures that only cater for IPv4 size addresses ? U ser interfaces that display an IP address, or allow an IP address to be e ntered only in IPv4 format. Many applications, including web browsers, already support dual-stack function. Others are subject to the planned timing of upgrades by the application developer.Idea lly, applications should be agnostic to the use of IPv4 or IPv6. An application that supports dual-stack will usually give preference to IPv6 if it is available, otherwise it will fall back to using IPv4. Content Providers Most major Internet content providers have yet to move to a dual-stack architecture Most major Internet content providers are yet to make the move to a dual-stack architecture. Some have established specific IPv6-only versions of their site to enable IPv6 access to users who have IPv6 connectivity, and who deliberately choose to use IPv6 (e. . ipv6. google. com and www. v6. facebook. com). Many Internet content providers are beginning to plan for a dual-stack architecture. This was exhibited when many content providers participated in World IPv6 Day (held on 8 June 2011) to trial IPv6 at a global level. 12 W HAT DOES THE TRANSITION MEAN FOR BUSINESS? Multinational enterprises and those that deal with government departments are most likely to be impacted by governm ent mandates. This will drive the need to support IPv6 (e. g. Australian Government departments implementing IPv6 in 2012).The IPv4 public address run-out will mostly affect businesses in their external connections Public IPv4 address shortages will have minimal impact on Enterprise VPNs due to the prevailing use of private IPv4 addressing. The IPv4 public address run-out will mostly affect businesses in their external connections to consumers and the broader Internet. Each business needs to consider whether to deliver IPv6 based services to consumers who prefer to use IPv6. stage businesses must ensure an IPv6 communication path from the enterprise edge to where IPv6 supported applications are hostedConsumers will move to dual-stack CPE configured with an IPv6 address as well as an IPv4 address (either public or private) in order to access both IPv4 and IPv6 content. Businesses that host applications accessible via the Internet will need to cater for consumers with IPv4 or IPv6 pu blic addresses. Since each protocol needs to work endto-end, for businesses the transition does not end with deployment of dual-stack devices at the enterprise edge. It also requires enterprise network design changes to make the communication path IPv6-capable from the enterprise edge to where IPv6 supported applications are hosted.Businesses face a similar challenge to service providers, such as Telstra, in making the IP addressing transition. Transitioning to IPv6 requires the full ecosystem to move (i. e. network equipment, modems, consumer devices, operating systems, applications, content servers, IT systems, etc). Therefore, the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will be a large and complex task that will require significant coordination across the full spectrum of players involved in end-to-end IP services. 13 WHAT IS TELSTRAS APPROACH TO THE TRANSITION? Telstra has been planning for this transition for a number of years.We have a defined transition strategy and a well-advanced IPv6 implementation program. Telstra has prepared for the transition through a clear strategy and implementation program Our strategy for IPv6 introduction is based on the dual-stack approach, allowing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-exist until the transition to IPv6 is complete. This approach will make sure that the transition occurs with minimal impact on customers they are not forced to move to IPv6 overnight and can deploy and migrate to IPv6 as they become ready.Telstra is already testing a number of key networks and products to seamlessly introduce IPv6 across our services. Timing for implementation in each product will depend on business drivers and equipment availableness (e. g. CPE). It covers services across Telstra Internet Direct (TID), Enterprise networks, Consumer Broadband, Mobiles and Telstras global networks. Figure 3 physical exertion of a dual-stack access to the Internet Customer Service Provider LNS DNS Apps, Content & Systems Global Internet Content Providers IPv4 content/apps ADSL Modem Cable CMTS Modem ServiceProvider PoP Domestic Backbone Global Internet Backbones Dual-stack content/apps Wireless IPv6 content/ apps LNS Large installed base of IPv4-only CPE Dual-Stack outside(a) Service Provider Control Largely installed base of IPv4-only content/apps Outside Service Provider Control Dual-Stack enables a smooth transition, supporting both IPv6 and IPv4 Source Telstra TID and IP-VPN Services The benefits of dual-stack technology for TID and IP-VPN customers are as follows ? Continued service availability even as IPv4 addresses run out ? Smooth transition to IPv6 at own pace N ative IPv6 connectivity which provides better performance than IPv6 t unnels ? Essentially unlimited Internet addressing ? Leverages the Telstra Next IP network. 14 WHAT IS TELSTRAS APPROACH TO THE TRANSITION? BigPond Broadband Most consumer broadband customers will be more interested in the content and applications they use, rather than which IP addressing prot ocol is being used. Nevertheless ? For many, the transition to IPv6 will occur smoothly and transparently as e ach of the components of the end-to-end service moves to dual-stack ( e. g. odems, PCs, content) ? T he industry is expecting that Internet content and applications will be d ual-stack or IPv4-only for a long time to come ? I t is unlikely that any significant content on the Internet will be available t hrough IPv6-only for many years yet. Mobiles including Telstra Mobile Broadband ? I nitial availability of IPv6-capable mobile devices is not expected u ntil 2011/12 ? I n the future there may be developments in self-contained mobile solutions, w hich will also drive IPv6 use (e. g. Telemetry and machine-to-machine s olutions).Applications and Content Telstra applications and content will transition to be offered over IPv6 (to achieve end-to-end IPv6) as well as IPv4. Telstras Global Networks Telstras global networks operated by Telstra International Group adopted the same b usiness approach as Telstras guideline for the IPv4 to IPv6 transition. Key features include ? D ual-stack approach to seamlessly support the co-existence of IPv4 and I Pv6 IP routing on global IP networks, including the MPLS-VPN platform and G lobal Internet / IP Transit platform N o hard cut-over for customers and continuing support for customer IPv4 a ddress-based IP routing on Telstra global networks in the coming years ? C ontinue IPv4 and IPv6 support for IP networks auxiliary services such as D NS services on global Internet platform, sounding glass on online port etc ? F rom FY 2011/12, Telstra International Group will start leasing IPv6 addresses to customers needing to connect to Telstras global IP networks, with limited I Pv4 cut across also available ? Native IPv6 Address IP routing on core network is on the road map ?Telstra is committed to work with global network partners for native I Pv6 traffic peering and/or interconnection for both private and public I P network s. 15 WHAT SHOULD BUSINESSES DO NOW? Businesses can begin to prepare for their own IP addressing transition through the following steps 1. Conduct an IPv6 readiness assessment ? Network hardware ? Servers, PCs (e. g. operating systems) ? Network focusing and security ? Applications ? IT systems ? Organisational capability (IPv6 skills) ? Understand coexistence implications (performance, resources). 2. Prepare an IP addressing strategy Develop a high-level view of transition approach for the business. 3. Develop an end-to-end program view ? Network, IT, devices, applications, etc ? Processes to minimise impacts ? Communication of the IPv6 strategy within the business ? Maintain network security through the transition to IPv6 ? Work with vendors, system integrators and service providers to define d etail and align timings (e. g. link hardware upgrades to lifecycle p rocesses to minimise costs) ? Analyse transition costs and develop a transition budget. 4. Formulate an Implementation Plan ? Identify dependencies and major milestones Use phased approach based on priorities and timings. 5. Progress Implementation ? Work in close coordination and consultation with network provider ? Telstra commits to providing timely information and updates on its program o f work to assist customers, suppliers and others in the industry to manage t heir transition. 16 WHAT SHOULD BUSINESSES DO NOW? Leverage our Experience and Best Practice Telstra can assist and support customers in their transition to IPv6 through our Professional Services and Consulting Services. The services we provide include ? Consulting Planning consultation, including business level investigation and analysis Conduct a Communications Strategy plan update Readiness assessments and check lists union ecosystem roadmap development (Not necessarily Telstra specific) Vendor management and CPE VoIP / other providers / web sites, etc ? Design and Architecture Network design CPE programming remote or onsite (future) ? Project Management Transition planning Seamless transition Staged transition planning process, achieved via Workshops Customised design Implementation planning Telstra can provide overall project management to guide a customer t hrough the transition process. 17 CONCLUSION The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a known issue which the industry will have to manage over the coming years. The transition will take time as it will require IPv6 to be supported by an end-to-end industry ecosystem including CPE, modems/home gateways, networks, systems (OSS/BSS, tools), content and applications. Telstra has been planning for this transition for a number of years. We have a defined transition strategy and a well-advanced IPv6 implementation program.Our strategy for IPv6 introduction is based on the dual-stack approach, allowing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-exist until the transition to IPv6 is complete. This approach will make sure that the transition occurs with minimal impact on customers customers are not forced to move to IPv6 overnight and can deploy and migrate to IPv6 as they become ready. Telstra is already testing a number of key networks and products to seamlessly introduce IPv6. Businesses face a similar challenge to service providers in undertaking a complex transition of their IP ecosystem without impacting services.It is advisable that businesses start preparing their IPv4 to IPv6 transition strategies. Telstra will provide timely information and updates on our program of work to assist customers, suppliers and others in the industry to manage their transition. 18 APPENDIX 1 IP ADDRESSING IP Address question Formats Table1 0 16 Ver HL TOS Total Length Identification TTL 32 Flag Protocol Fragmet Offset Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options dramatise IPv4 Header 0 16 Ver 32 Traf. Class Flow Label Payload Length Nxt Hdr Hop Limit Source Address Destination AddressIPv6 Header Address Ranges Both IPv6 and IPv4 addre ss ranges are often referred to in CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) notation, indicating how many of the bits in the range are used to identify the network prefix while the remaining bits identify subnets and hosts. For example, in 62. 0. 0. 0/8 or (62/8), the /8 indicates that the first 8 bits in the range are used for the common prefix and the remaining 24 bits are used for the host address within that network. 19 APPENDIX 1 IP ADDRESSING Individual Addresses and Notation Table2 Address FamilyWritten as Example IPv4 Dotted Decimal Notation 144. 135. 19. 10 (four decimal ranges written to epitomise each byte of address space) IPv6 Hexadecimal notation (eight hexadecimal ranges written to represent two bytes, separated by colons) IPv6 (short-hand) Hexadecimal notation 20010db885a300000000 8a2e03707334 20010db885a38a2e03707334 (eight hexadecimal ranges with zeros removed) Private Addressing In IPv4, four specific address ranges were allocated for use in private networks (e. g. within an enterprise or home). The ranges are ? 10. 0. 0. /8 quite often used by large enterprise networks or internally by ISPs ? 172. 16. 0. 0/12 often used to number enterprise or ISP backbone networks ? 192. 168. 0. 0/16 often used in small bit/home office (SOHO) applications ? 169. 254. 0. 0/24 used for link-local applications. These private addresses have no meaning on the public Internet. If external connectivity is required by nodes addressed privately, Network Address Translation (NAT) is used to translate the first three of these address ranges into public addresses when accessing the broader Internet.IPv6 also has a range of addresses identified for local use known as the Unique local Address range FC00/7 (defined by RFC4193). In IPv4, when an interface is assigned a link-local address, we assume that the device is only connected to a local network. However, the practice of assigning multiple identifiers to interfaces is expected in IPv6 and therefore, all interface s maintain a link-local address and additional IPv6 addresses. Table 3 Unique Local Address Range 0 78 FC00/7 1 48 Global ID 64 Site Subnets Interface Identifier With regard to NAT, industry IPv6 addressing practices are still developing.Although there is a hope that significant use of IPv6 to IPv6 network address translation will be avoided, it is not yet clear as to whether enterprises will use public IPv6 space (derived from a registry), provider IPv6 space (granted from an ISP), or a local addressing scheme together with IPv6 NAT. 20 REFERENCES I The remaining allocations by the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre are now rationed to a maximum of 1024 addresses per member under their latest policies see Policies for IPv4 address space management in the Asia Pacific region, http//www. apnic. et/policy/add-manage-policy. II IPv4 Address Report http//ipv4. potaroo. net has the latest exhaustion estimates of the other regional registries 1 Global IPv6 Strategies From Business Analysis to Operational Planning by Patrick Grossetete, Ciprian Popoviclu, Fred Wettling, Cisco Press, June 2008 2 Deploying IPv6 Networks by Ciprian Popoviclu, Patrick Grossetete, Eric LeviAbegnoli, Cisco Press, February 2006 21 Why Telstra? Telstra provides network services and solutions to more than 200 of the worlds top 500 companies. They rely on us to do business across 240 countries nd territories and to enable greater productivity, efficiency and growth. Telstra solutions offer the beaver of all worlds skilled people and a rich portfolio of services delivered on our world-class Telstra Next IP network and Next G network. To ensure time-tested performance, theyre monitored and maintained from our dedicated centres using advanced management and operational systems. And theyre backed by Telstra Enterprise-grade Customer Service and one of Australias largest and most qualified field and technical workforce. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS P LEASE CONTACT YOURT ELSTRA ACCOUNT EXECUT IVE V ISIT T ELSTRA. COM/ENTERPRISE/IPV6 C ALL 1 300 TELSTRA 2011 Telstra Corporation special(a). All rights reserved. This work is copyright. The Copyright Act 1968 permits fair dealing for study, research, news reporting, criticism or review. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided acknowledgement of the source is included. Permission for more extensive reproduction must be obtained from Telstra. Trade mark of Telstra Corporation Limited. Registered trademark of Telstra Corporation Limited ABN 33 051 775 556.

Agamemnon vs Hamlet Essay

I think that critical point was more tragic in comparison to Agamemnon. The reason being is because in Hamlet Claudius is driven to kill his knowledge brother, King Hamlet, just so he can marry his suffer sister-in-law. Hamlet is plotting to kill his own uncle and is speaks of his own mother in a hateful manner egWithin a month,Ere yet the common salt of most unrighteous tearsHad left the flushing in her galld eyes,She married. O most wicked speed, to postWith such dexterity to incestuous sheetsA son is tal might about her own mother like this and at the same time he has lost hope in life. Hamlet claims that he wants to die, if only suicide wasnt forbidden by God.Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt,Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew,Or that the Everlasting had not fixedHis canon gainst self-slaughterSo from the beginning of the play the protagonist is in a pitiful state. This was not the case with the protagonist of Agamemnon. In Hamlet the protagonist was driven to avenge his own father death and in the process ended up killing 4 innocent person. His own love of his live Ophelia, and mom, Queen Gertrude was killed by the mischievous drink which was meant for Hamlet. Ophelias father and brother ended up dead. In Agamemnon only two innocent lives were lost, Cassandra and Iphigenia. In my opinion i think Agamemnon deserve his tragic end. He had made many mistakes, he abused Clytemnestra then killed his husband and married her, then after sacrificed his own daughter.Aristotle definition of tragedy comprise of 4 parts.It involves someone of higher standing.This protagonist makes an error in judgement.This error results in suffering for the person.This suffering causes pity or fear in the audience.Agamemnon and Hamlet both have high status. They are both from a royal family. Agamemnon makes and error in assuming that his wife is still in love with him and his trusts her, until now though he was told by his people that his wife is cheating on him , but he didnt get the implication. Resulting in his own end and Cassandras. In Hamlet, Hamlet makes a mistake by killing Polonius, assuming that he was striking the king with his sword. Which results in the king turning against Hamlet and sends and order to the king of England to execute Hamlet. I didnt feel and pity for Agamemnon but on the other hand i felt pity and fear for Hamlet. I feared how he might not end up marring the love of his life Ophelia. I felt pity for Hamlet when his mother wont trust him when he was trying to expose his uncle.

Fizzy drinks Essay

AimThe aim of the prove is to check whether pH of the chosen fizzy present is basic, neutral or acidic. To find the answer the titration method pull up stakes be used. The chosen fizzy drink go away be fag due to its transparency (it is easy to see when the color changes during the experiment).Hypothesis pansy will probably have acidic pH (smaller than 7) as one of ingredients is citric acid. However as it is drink used by people pH cannot be to small as it would be harmful to the human organism. As I checked pH of Sprite should oscillate somewhere around 2.75.TheoryA titration is a method of analysis that will allow you to determine the precise endpoint of a reaction and therefore the precise measuring stick of reactant in the titration flask. A buret is used to deliver the second reactant to the flask and an indicator or pH Meter is used to detect the endpoint of the reaction.A typical titration begins with a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask containing a precise volume of the reac tant and a small meat of indicator, placed underneath a burette containing the reagent. By controlling the amount of reagent added to the reactant, it is possible to detect the point at which the indicator changes colour. As long as the indicator has been chosen correctly, this should also be the point where the reactant and reagent neutralise from each one another(prenominal), and, by reading the scale on the burette, the volume of reagent can be measured.As the concentration of the reagent is known, the telephone piece of moles of reagent can be measured (since concentration = moles / volume). Then, from the chemical substance equation involving the two substances, the number of moles present in the reactant can be found. Finally, by dividing the number of moles of reactant by its volume, the concentration is calculated.In this case phenolphthalein is the indicator as it stays transparent in the acidic or neutral environment and changes its color into pink in the acidic env ironment.Materials NaOH 5g Sprite 125 ml Phenolphthalein Distillated weewee 250mlApparatus balance burette spatula Erlenmeyer flask Beaker CylinderVariables volume of NaOH type of fizzy drink volume of the fizzy drink precisionProcedure1. relieve oneself all needed apparatus and substances2. Weight 5g of solid NaOH and put it into beaker3. Fill the beaker with 250 ml of distilled water to make 0.5 mol NaOH ascendant4. Fill the burette with NaOH solution and write spate to what level the burette is filled so you can later know how many of the solution was needed to neutralize fizzy drink5. Measure 25 ml of Sprite in the cylinder6. Put 25 ml of Sprite into the flask7. Add to it 4 drops of phenolphthalein8. Put the flask under the burette9. Slowly pour the NaOH solution into the flask with Sprite10. When the color of Sprite is pink stop the titration (it is important to be precise)11. Write down how many NaOH solution was needed to neutralize your fizzy drink12. Repeat steps 4-11 five times to get some more reliable results13. aft(prenominal) you finished your experiment neutralize NaOH solution that you still have and then lily-white the equipment you used during the experiment.Safety guidelines Work areas should be arranged so that a person does not need to travel through a high-hazard area while attempting to exit the laboratory during an emergency. Eyewashes and showers must be accessible to all chemical laboratories. Do not consume food and drink in the laboratory. Wear your googles and gloves to protect your eyes and skin Move in the labolatory carefully Keep the labolatory clean in order to prevent any accidents Pay particular attention to the protection of eyes and skin be occasion NaOH can couse damage to your. Confine long hairc sensh while working in a labolatory. Do not panic if you have done something in a wrong way, just report your teacher and do what he/she has said Flush away all accidentally spilled substances with water and r eport your teacher Neutralize the remaining substances and remove them from equipment Wear your enclothe while working in labData Collectionnumber of the testInitial quantity of NaOH solution in burette (in ml)Final quantity of NaOH solution in burette(in ml)Quantity of NaOH solution used to neutralize fizzy drink(in ml)Table 1. data collected during the experimentData Processing and PresentationIn order to find the pH of Sprite at first the average quantity of NaOH solution used to neutralize the fizzy drink has to be calculatedmlIn order to make some other calculations ml has to be changed to dm31 dm3 = 1000 mlHence5.18/1000 = 0.00518 dm3Next the number of moles of NaOH solution used in the experiment has to be determined from the formulaWheren is number of molesC is molar concentrationV is volume in dm3HenceNext the number of H+ ions in the solution has to be determined using the following formula, whereH+ is the molar concentrationn is number of moles of H+ ionsV is the volum e of the solutionAs number of moles of OH- ions in the solution is equal to the number of moles of H+ ions, nH+ = nOH- = 0.00259molBy knowing this pH of Sprite can be calculated by using the formula belowpH = -logH+pH = -log0.1036pH = 0.98464ConclusionsThe result obtained in the experiment differs a lot from the reality (pH is approximately 2.75). Even not knowing the proper value of pH of Sprite it is rather obvious that the result is wrong as no substance drank by human can have such a little pH. This would destroy our organism and therefore could not be sold as a fizzy drink. The percentage error equalsThis is a huge difference and it can be explained by a number of reasons1. we did not catch the involve moment of neutralization but the moment, when the mixture was already basic so, this difference in time can be crucial2. little differences in measurements during the experiment could also be the cause of mistake3. the time when the color of phenolphthalein did not disappear cou ld be measured wrong and that can be another cause of mistakeSumming up these sources of mistake could not change the result in such a great extend 279%. Although the results of the experiment were imprecise, the aim was partially achieved. Sprite was proved to have acidic pH.EvaluationThe experiment could be done on some greater amounts of Sprite so that the results would be more precise. Although 5 tests were made, maybe some more should be done to make the data collected during the experiment more reliable. Besides that it is hard to find some other ways to make the experiment better or more reliable as the titration method is quite precise and the results should not differ much from the reality.Sources chemistry for the IB Diploma (standard and higher level) by Geoff Neuss Chemistry (second edition) by John Green and Sandru Damji www.en.wikipedia.org entry titration

HRM policies in support of organizational objectives Essay

Employee role for achieving organizational objectives is based on several factor outs. Each factor is either interrelated to other or may have direct impact on employee proceeding considering strategic HRM policies. Rewards play a very consequential role in influencing employee behavior towards meeting organizational goals and increasing their motivational level that positively supports organizational commitment. Different jobs have diversifying demands for the offering of benefits to employees depending on the constituencies of for each one benefit system.However, employees focus on goals achievement behavior and thus adopt a comprehensive policy for providing benefits to employees. These benefits include on-service perks and bonuses off-service compensation packages in the form of varied premium plans. Benefits and rewards system affect a set of individual factors that in combine enable the organization to implement their strategic HRM policies as for supporting organization al objectives.It must be ensured that these benefits and compensation system complies the equity principle thus increasing the harmony and address the recognition, employee rights, motivation, behavioral control, and employee performance management issues. These benefits be right away dependant on the type of the job and employee demands. Younger employees atomic number 18 seem to be more oriented towards higher brook earnings whereas old employees found long term return concern in terms of pension and retirement packages.Implementation of strategic HRM policies in organization becomes great challenge delinquent to resistance by employees as such policies also concern change management in uncertain market conditions. Companies offer numerous benefits such as annual bonuses, perks, overtime allowances, plussage, premia, and other incentives either based on individual performance or group performance. Such bonuses are immanent if companies aim at getting benefit from the skills and services of employees for endless term, overdue to unique skills and latent capability to grow in organization in future.Overtime allowances and premia are essential to spark off the employees for working in odd working timings or more than the usual working hours. In order to support short run operations of firm such allowances enable policy makers to achieve objectives through effective utilization of HRM policies. In order to classify the performance of employee in manufacturing concern firms performance based bay deem appropriate facilitating rewarding the employees based on the results and goals achieved.Concerning the goal based approach, performance based pay is productive to regulate and motivate employees towards achieving higher productive solvents measured in terms of quantifiable objectives. In contrast to that, skill based pay supports the strategic HRM policy implementation when organizations are unable to classify the objectives in real terms objectives are s et based on the viability of employees to achieve through utilizing their skills qualitative in nature. It must be ensured that skills based rewards require assessing the monetary rewards considering the impact of business growth expansion.Positively valuing the competency of employee increases the motivation level and subsequently results in greater organization commitment. However, this pay system is not suitable to achieve organization objectives in rapidly changing working environment as specific skills become obsolete due to inadequacy to conform latest business requirement. Strategic HRM policies aimed at assessing the potential opportunities for firm in long term by involvement of employees in last making thus setting the common goal set as corporate objective.Pension plans offer more convenience to firms when they need to retain employees for longer duration thus in order to profound the policies on regulating employees, pension plans convey the focus towards increasing emp loyee performance aligning to organizational objectives. occupational pension schemes in addition to state pension scheme offers employee recognition based on their service duration proper conveying the return outcome to employees especially who are more oriented towards organization goals achievement and shows higher level organizational commitment.Group personal schemes in addition to state pension scheme increases the capability of organization for supporty of HRM policies to sustain in market for longer duration employees involvement in such programs shows the willingness of employees to understand the organization objectives and potential capability associating to aligning behavior and driving the employees in a particular directional objectives of organization.In addition to pension benefits to permanent employees of organization, adjoining compensation packages and rewards openhanded the allowances such as sick pay, overtime allowances, and fringe benefits in the form of pr emia, special compensation for higher research studies, and providing utility facilities such as accompany maintained cars, employee health insurance, medical allowance, providing company maintained house for specific number of employees.These rewards affect the intrinsic motivational factors of employees due to trust of company macrocosm shown in employees by offering various forms of rewards and benefits classifies the ability to deliver strategic HRM policies based on the situation need and ability of employees of conform.Flexible benefits given to employees are more suitable due to its convenience in practical implication in driving employees behavior pertaining to the objectives setting and long term goals achievement. HRM policies must deliver the clear information to employees for the related expectation and demands that address the organization goal setting and strategies adopted to achieve such goals.

Madame Butterfly

Ali Appelbaum WGST 199-01 Professor Uman March 16, 2008 party puts a strong focus on individuals who experience the act of cross-dressing to create an indistinguishability for themselves. The act of cross-dressing helps a person to feel comfortable with themselves because they are able to gain a sense of independence, confidence, and individuality. In the bunco M. Butterfly, by David Henry Hwang, constructing an identity is made through the character margin call. By looking at strains appearance in M. Butterfly, we can see that clothing and disguise constructs an identity.The play, M. Butterfly uses the character Song to show the audience how cross-dressing is common, and can make ones personality. Song cross-dresses from an Asian male, to an Asian female. end-to-end the play Song plays the role of a female but expresses herself in a more confident, and fissiparous way as an Asian female. This is because Song has had a gender cross to a women, she is able to abut these qualit ies in her new identity she has formed. M. Butterfly is about a French diplomat, Gallimard and his love attraction for Song.Gallimard feels as though hes never been in love, and has a hard time relating to women, until Song humps along. Song, performing the romantic role of Gallimards lover takes charge without Gallimard realizing a male was really wooing him the alone time. Song possesses traits of a female, which gives her confidence to pursue her relationship with Gallimard until hes fallen in love. In the end, Song reveals herself for the man she is, but continues to act with more confidence and independence as a cleaning lady than as a man.In the play, you can see that disguise constructs an identity through the character Song. During a scene, Gallimard comments on Songs feminine appearance and the other women he sees in raisea. Song responds to Gallimard, Please. Hard as I try to be modern, to speak handle a man, to nourish a Western womans strong face up to my own in the end, I fail. A small, frightened heart beats too quickly and gives me away. Monsieur Gallimard, Im a Chinese girl. Ive never never invited a man up to my flat before.The forwardness of my actions makes my skin thin (1. 11 Hwang). This quotes shows that Song posses traits as a female and is proud. Although Song is a male, he has built himself a female identity from disguise. Confidence is expressed in Songs remarks by telling in conversation how she believes she is more knowledgeable than Gallimard. Song also makes sure notice is taken of her delicate and moderately appearance. Song remarks back to Gallimard, Your history serves you poorly, Monsieur Gallimard. True, there were signs reading No dogs and Chinamen. But a woman, especially a delicate oriental womanwe always go where we please. Could you imagine it otherwise? Clubs in China fill with pasty, big-thighed white women, while thousands of slender lotus blossoms wait just outside the door? The clubs would be empty. We surr ender always held a certain fascination for you Caucasian men, have we not? (2. 4 Hwang). Song has shown to her audience that she has a strong confidence about the female body and face. She explains to Gallimard that her new identity, a delicate Oriental woman, is always welcomed in society.Song also feels a sense of power because although she is a man working for the Chinese government, she feels comfortable in her feminine identity. A conversation between Song and her advisor familiar spirit Chin demonstrates how Song has created has created an identity for herself in disguise. When Song is in quarters where she can act like man, she still acts in a feminine order, rather than a masculine tone. Chin asks Song, Is that home come you dress like that? (2. 4 Hwang). Song responds by saying, Like what, Miss Chin? (2. Hwang). Chin remarks with what he believes is reality by saying, Like that dress Youre wearing a dress. And every time I come here, youre wearing a dress. Is that beca use youre an actor? Or what? (2. 4 Hwang). Song reveals her identity by saying, Its a disguise, Miss Chin (2. 4 Hwang). This conversation between Comrade Chin and Song shows the audience that Song is aware of the fact that she is a male, but possesses more of an interest in the feminine personality and ways of life because she is more confident.

Lowering the Drinking Age

approximately 10 million youths, sequences 12 to 20, in this country report they acquire consumed alcoholic bever get on in the knightly 30 days. (City Council) Teens use alcohol for a numerous amount of reasons, ranging from celebration to stress to tedium and under hop on inebriation has now become a hobby done behind closed doors. The sound limit today in the United states has been 21 since the 1984, requiring all states to raise the minimum term for barter for and possession of alcohol to 21, but that is not stopping teens from underage imbibinging. The Minimum Legal Drinking progress is largely ineffective because teens are going to drink whether it is legal or not.The minimum drinking age limit should be lower to 18 because 18 grade grays are adults, teens would drink in a much controlled manner, and on that point would be less unsafe incidents. In the US, 18 is the age of adulthood, so adults should bear off in to right to fall upon their own decisions, espe cially pertaining to alcohol consumption. Turning 18 entails receiving the rights and responsibilities of adulthood to vote, smoke cigarettes, cause on juries, get married, sign contracts, be prosecuted as adults, and join the military. (Chiappetta) Some of these rights even put you at the risk of death.If at the age of 18, you are allowed to make all of those decisions for yourself, then why not with alcohol? This question slake remains unanswered. Republican Richard Marron states, It just doesnt sit right with me that people at the age of 18 train the right to do everything else, including serve their country, but dont dedicate the right to consume alcohol, its a form of age discrimination. Being an adult means making your own natural selections. If 18 year olds are held mature old enough to enlist or vote, it should be held consistent allowing them to buy and drink alcohol.Many argue against the deed that you are old enough to drink at 18. Opponents of grievous the drin king age argue that teens take up not yet reached an acceptable age where they can handle alcohol responsibly. The discrepancy between the MLDA and the age of majorityand its many responsibilities and authoritiesalong with continued incidents of alcohol abuse reported on college campuses get to fueled debate that setting the MLDA at 21 is fair, smart, and effective. (Drinking come on Procon. org) The age of 21 should not make a significant impact on anything. A three year age difference doesnt decide whether someone is ature or responsible enough to drink. That is solely based off their decision, and if the make that choice to drink, than they go forth face any of the consequences that may come with it. Lowering the drinking age would also ontogenesis teens drinking in a controlled, responsible manner. Prohibiting this age group from drinking in bars, restaurants, and other accredited locations causes them to drink in un administrate places such as fraternity houses or house parties where they may be more prone to engorge drinking and other unsafe behavior. (The Time Has Come to Address the public of Alcohol in America).Young adults will sneak around if they are not allowed the mishap to drink responsibly in a supervised situation. It is no secret that teens drink, so why not just make it legal instead of them taking the risk of trying to hide it? Reality is populace and the fact is that 18-20 year olds drink. We need to create a safe and open environment for that reality to take place. (Henig) Teens do not want to hide it, but if the want to drink they have to, and being supervised is going to proceeds in less binge drinking and engaging in less hazardous activities.The age of 21 treats them and causes to handle things in an untrusting way. How are they ever going to act responsibly if they arent trusted? It is argued that lowering the drinking age is only going to create even more dangerous incidents, and that the 21 age minimum is preventing them from happening. MLDA 21 helps prevent underage binge drinking. (Drinking Age Pro Con) Statistics show that Binge drinking peaks among 21- to 25-year-olds at 45. 9%, while the binge drinking rates of those aged 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, and 18-20 are 1. 5%, 7. 8%, 19. 4%, and 35. 7% respectively. (Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and HealthNational Findings) If the age limit were change, that would not necessarily raise the percentage, especially if the teens are supervised and being responsible enough. Even if the teens are responsible though, people still pretend that, Lowering the drinking age would make alcohol more accessible to teens and increase the amount of binge drinking. (Dean-Mooney) While the age limit may make it more difficult for them to buy it, teens already have access to alcohol, being 21 or not. It is in their homes, their friends homes, restaurants, and everywhere else they go.Teens are constantly surrounded by alcohol, and there is no stoppin g them from obtaining it, and being around an adult with it is only going to make it more safe, stopping them from making any destructive decisions. Another reason the limit should be lowered is because there would be an flow in unsafe activities. There are less affair accidents with countries who have a Minimum Legal Drinking Age of 18. Although the United States increased the MLDA to 21 in 1984, its rate of traffic accidents and fatalities in the 1980s decreased less than that of European countries whose legal drinking ages are lower than 21. (Dee, Evans). That is because allowing them to drink younger where they are supervised is going to stop them from getting in a car. They will have that consent over them to make sure that they do not, but it is not just 18 year olds that are at risk. In 2009, the 21- to 24-year-old age group had the highest percentage of drivers in fatal crashes with blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) levels of . 08 or higher(prenominal) 35 percent. (Asch, Levy). Anyone who drinks is at risk, whether youre a new drinker, or you have been drinking your satisfying life.If anyone is at risk, then why is lowering the drinking age raising so many problems? With lowering the drinking age, it is pro constitute that the right to drink needs to be a higher age due to the dangers posed by drinking. 100 of the 102 analyses (98%) in a 2002 meta-study of the legal drinking age and traffic accidents found higher legal drinking ages associated with lower rates of traffic accidents. (Wagenaar, Toomey). This is a major proponent for why the age limit should remain at 21, but again, anyone is in danger of an accident if they drink and drive.While an old aged person may be more experienced with alcohol and with driving, all the same risks still remain. Underage drinking is also said to be more linked to risky behavior and injury. consort to the U. S. Surgeon General, About 5,000 kids under 21 die every year as a result of underage drinking from cr ashes, homicides, and suicides. (Did You Know? Dangers of Teen Drinking) It has actually been proven though, that alcohol is not statistically rates of homicides or suicides, despite claims that lowering the legal drinking age to 18 would increase suicide and criminal activities by adolescents.Evidence proves to show that the Minimum Legal Drinking Age should be lowered to the age of 18 because 18 is the age of adults, young adults drinking in a controlled manner, and a decrease in unsafe drinking activities. Lowering the drinking age is definitely something that should be considered. The issues that come with lowering the age limit may be evident but being in control of these issues will help the success of passing this new law.

Principles of Macroeconomics Essay

An growing of government purchases occurs after a rise in aggregate output and employment. This tends to stimulate the economy, people wherefore tend to buy more and save less. Therefore, it results to a higher importation than exportation, known as the great deal shortfall. The budget deficit increases the external deficits because the exports do not proportionately increase to counterweight increase imports. This explains that a large budget deficit raises domestic interest rates and the mass meeting rate.With a higher exchange rate the domestic products becomes more expensive and foreign goods cheaper. Hence, the import increases while export decreases. Resulting, the trade deficit to be enlarged. Consequently, to help drive the trade and current account of the balance of payments into deficit there is a combination of a higher interest rate and a stronger currency. However, to defend that the budget deficits mainly results from revenue enhancement cuts that tend to reduce bo th universal revenues and public saving many researchers have justified the Ricardian comparability hypothesis.Nevertheless, these tax cuts are effective on reducing public savings and enlarging the budget deficit, equivalently they increase semiprivate saving by amount. However, Ricardos neutrality hypothesis recommended that the private sector views budget deficits as public investment and treats public and private investment as perfect substitutes. How do the CPI and the GDP deflator discord? Why do economists turn over that the CPI overstates the rate of inflation? Is this an important riddle? CPI is an faithful esteem of inflation. When the price basket goes up so does the CPI.It is limited to what it measures. It only measure the prices of the goods and services purchased by the urban consumers which is about 60% of the extreme production of the economy whilst on the contrary the GDP deflator measures the total production in the economy. It also allows to show up in t he deflator the as people respond to ever-changing prices. With this approach, the GDP deflator is being rebound up to date expenditure patterns. Despite that CPI only measure about 60% of the total production, it helps people give the idea how it affects them because it measures the type of goods they buy.Moreover, it comes out monthly and on hand(predicate) anytime. With the historical comparison, most of the time the CPI and GDP price deflator had the same inflation rate, and when there is a difference, they do not differ much. However, if the CPI differs from the GDP deflator, it is only by a fraction of a percentage point, even so this could be important for some economic policy decision. Many economists believe that CPI overstates the rate inflation because they think that CPI is not a good indicator of a current inflation. According to David Ranson, a U.S. economist, a better indicator of current inflation would be increases in the price of commodities because initially infl ation affects good prices and it will probably take several years for this commodity inflation to work its way through an economy and be reflected in the CPI. It is not an important problem so long as one is using whichever measure is appropriate for their findings. Reference Quantcrunch Tutor (April 2009 ) Q&A in Macroeconomics http//qainmacroeconomics. blogspot. com/2009_04_01_archive. html

Developing a Sports Export Company

01. Is Sports Exports connection a multinational corporation? AnswerMultinational corporations (MNCs) are defined as firms that engage in some form of international profession. As the Sports Export Comp whatever sells it products to foreign countries & demo to global environment. So, the Sports Exports Company is a multinational corporation. 02. Why are the agency costs lower for Sports Exports Company than for most MNCs? AnswerThe costs of ensuring that managers maximise shareholder wealth (referred to as agency cost) are commonly higher for MNCs than the agency cost of Sports Export Company.Agency costs are lower for Sports Export Company barely because the owner and manager are the same. The owner does non train managers who are based in other countries or even in the same country at very early stage. 03. Does Sports Exports Companyhaveany proportional advantage over potential competitors in foreign countries that could produce and sell footb alls on that point? AnswerO bviously,the Sports Exports Company has a comparative advantage over potential competitors to other foreign countries.By applying an creative thinker of producing low cost football and at the same time selling those items on a sweeping basis was get very successful in theU. S. Market. As the Sports Exports Company are producing the item for a long time, the company will certainly enjoy some benefits like the advantages of being a counterbalance mover and at the same time will be able to build a sonoritywith customers. The Sports Exports Company will be the first firm to benefit from the popularity. The potential competitors initially will not get the advantages of becoming a first mover and enough market shares.Also, the Sports Exports Company has a comparative advantage over theU. S. firms that produce the top-of-the-line footballs in theU. S. market and it also sells the footballs at a low price. 04. How would Jim Logan regulate in which foreign markets he would attempt to en ter? Should he initially attempt to focus on one or many foreign markets? AnswerJim Logan had previous experience about sporting goods unwrap and knew how to produce football. In addition to avoid any rent and labor expenses, Jim decided to produce the footballs in his own garage and to perform the work himself.For these advantages, it facilitated him to make decision where he would attempt to enter. At first, he decided to create a firm that would produce low priced footballs and sell them on a in large quantities basis to various sporting good stores in the united State and then gradually in foreign countries. To do so, Jim had to consider various factors such as the potential demand for footballs in apiece country and the potential degree of competition in that country. He initially may focus on one specific country when establishing his international employment and gradually may expand his international business across several different countries.To focus more than one forei gn country, wide distribution channel, great machineries and even more manpower is needed. But as a single entrepreneur, it might not become possible for Jim to arrange all of the things at a time rather it is better that he could settle a distributor of sporting goods that would sell the footballs to retail stores in various countries. 05. The Sports Exports Company has no fast plans to conduct direct foreign investment. However, it might consider other less costly methods to establish its business in foreign markets.What methods might the Sports Exports Company use to increase its presence in foreign markets by working with one or more foreign companies? AnswerThe Sports Exports Company may consider any one of the collaborative arrangement like licensing, franchising or joint venture arrangement with other firms or industry. To make direct foreign investment, huge financial support and new arrangement are needed. Considering of all the factors ratherthe Sports Exports Company m ay consider the above collaborative arrangement to reduce cost and maximize profit.

Session Long Project: Working on a Negative Letter

Dear Ms. Ambrose,Thank you for allowing me to examine your case. I went over your files, which you gave in the 5th twenty-four hour period of may 2008. I saw that you ar 16 days old, a graduate of high school through tests conducted by the General Education Development (G.E.D.) in February 6, 2007, and has earned 15 semester college hours at the New Jersey City University on the first semester of S.Y. 2007-2008. It is also indicated here, in the files that you submitted on May 5, that you scored a good 71 on your Armed Services Vocational aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test, which should earn you the right to enter the U.S. Navy here and then, especially that you are about to incline 17 years old this coming month.When I similarlyk your case to the office on the 8th day of this month, the numbers show that, for the limp of 2007-2008, G.E.D. graduates have filled up the 5% allowable applicants provided this chivalric week or specifically in April 30, 2008. You have filed your requ est of application in the 5th of May 2008, only you leave still buzz off the chance to file again, since we are always open to applicants who are willing to join and launch an enjoyable career. We should wait, however, for the next get dressed of enlistments, which should be offered by August 2008. By then, you should have turned 17 years old, with no reason for not being accepted in the navy.If you want, I can send an another(prenominal) application to you once the door is open again for enlistment applicants. That will only take about 2-3 months from now, which is only a little time, as compared to the vast opportunities that you will be having for the followers years ahead. I am sure that you will have no problems by then, especially if you earn more semester college hours, which you can still take in these three months that you have. For the meantime, it would be opera hat to wait for the next luck, which should arrive this August. This can be an opportunity to get better standing, which should reflect wellspring in your upcoming files.Good luck and see you again this August.Sincerely,_________________SH1 (SW/AW) Jermaine MooreUnited States Navy RecruiterNRS Bossier City, LouisianaThe principlesThe principles that were employ in creating the garner above are mostly from the article of Joel Bowman (2002) of Western Michigan University. I well-tried to be as logical and believable as I can be, without getting too formal, so that the reviewer will feel the concern of the letter writer (although not very emotional). I tried to indicate that what I was relaying to her was nothing very tragic or sad because another set of enlistments should arrive by the following 2-3 months.The letter mirrored that what was happening was for the best of both the writer and the commentatora win-to-win situationand even if the applicants request for admission has been denied, there are other opportunities in the future, which the writer would be pleased to accompany th e reader. I tried to show that the event was comely and legitimate, with the intention of offering the reader virtually alternatives that might help in her getting accepted in the next opportunity.This is to compensate for the shortcoming, which makes the letter forward-looking (instead of backward-looking), motivational, and not very negative to read. It makes the reader realize that the letter does not really indicate refusal or rejection but more of a delayed opportunity. I tried to minimize the impact by trying to point out that the opportunity is not lost but would come again in the months ahead.The partsFollowing the lecture of Bowman (2002), the letter that was presented is composed of the following (1) The pace portion that, in this letter, dictates the thankfulness of the writer for allowing him to examine the case, as well as the teaching that the writer has received concerning the case. (2) The lead portion that dictates the major episode that has led the writer to cre ate a letter for the reader, which should include the negative message that is the reason for filing the negative letter. In this letter, it reflects that G.E.D. applicants were accepted only until April 30, 2008. (3)The blend outcomes portion that changes the angle of the letter from negative to positive it turns the message from backward-looking to forward-looking. In this letter, this part says that the reader will get the chance to file again by August of the same year. Finally, (4) the motivate portion, which dictates wherefore the alternative would suit and benefit the reader, with the decision to offer support and promote goodwill this presents the reason on why the letter is not entirely negative, as it presents more positive opportunities that offer the reader some benefits.ReferencesBowman, J. (2002). Writing negative messages. Business communication managing information and relationships. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from Joel P. Bowman Homepage http//homepages.wmich.edu/bowma n/ unfavourablenews.html.Carroll, A. (2004). Letters we get stacks of letters and business notes. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from Dr. Jays Write Homepage http//www.csun.edu/vcecn006/lettr.html.Sittenfeld, C. (1999, March). Good ways to deliver bad news. Fast Company Magazine, 23. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from FastCompany.com database http//www.fastcompany.com/magazine/23/buckman.html.

1)Danto's 'inferential bypass 2)susan sontag's regarding the pain of Essay

1)Dantos inferential bypass 2)susan sontags regarding the pain of others - Essay ExampleNonetheless, there were contrivanceists who changed art and art audiences both. One of these, harmonize to Danto, is Berninis David. This changed the face of perceptual art and brought it into its own limitless sphere. Some fonts of this forge that were different were that this sculpture had movement, cues, and more emotional expression. Now when Danto talks of inferential bypass, this contrast to his opinion of limited art eras which he talks about in The End of Art. Taking Berninis David, he becomes an example of technology assist art. Here art has more re evidenceational power which is not just pictorial. Dantos notions of technology connecting art and audiences, is what he means by inferential bypass and consequently he uses Berninis David to highlight this.Sontag herself suffered from extreme point experiences such as war and the unlimited pain it brings with it, both for the suffering an d for the ones helplessly watching. Perhaps what Sontag meant was that it mat up like a movie, in the sense that there is so much action and subsequently so many interpretive meanings to be derived from it. The photographs in questions show what actually happens in a war. The human aspect of it pain, bleeding, wound and amputated bodies. This is not usually emphasized in photographs and remains an elusive aspect of many peck around the world who have been lucky enough to never experience war. Photographs should be actual essay of war and war happenings. They need to present the dependable yet hurtful aspect of it. Only when it captures what is true is photography actually authentic.Sontags though present an interesting question, do photographs tell the truth and present the entire picture? This is because when the photographs were taken different images conveyed different ideas. All photos were different in their feel, concept, idea and angles. Sontags points out that even in a war when photography is involved, there need to be a number of