Theoretical Framework in Nursing Process Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Framework in Nursing Process riseThink back to the last time someone close to you became sick. Using Myra Estrin Levines conservation moodl what would have been the focus of your assessment? How did the illness mint you and the rest of your family? Levines Conservation Modelis focused in promoting adaptation and maintaining wholeness using the principles of conservation. The model guides the nurse to focus on the influences and responses at the organismic level. The nurse accomplishes the goals of the model through the conservation of energy, structure, and personal and social integrity (Levine, 1967). Although conservation is fundamental to the egresscomes expect when the model is used, Levine also discussed two other all important(predicate) concepts critical to the use of her model adaptation and wholeness. (http//nursingtheories. blogspot. com, retrieved April 16, 2012) Now recalling the recent hospitalization of patient RG (my girlfriend) due to vaso-vaga l syncope, I unknowingly applied all of the four conservation principles, as well as the major concepts that revolve around the model. A few days prior to admission, patient RG reported to began having episodes of constipation.Two hours prior to admission, she tell that she woke up due to severe abdominal perturb and directly went to the bathroom. A few moments later she was found by her mom on the floor, just damages her consciousness and with a deep, moderately bleeding, 2-cm laceration on the right cheek bone bea. She was rushed to the emergency room and was eventually brought to the OR for repair of nervus facialis laceration by a plastic surgeon. I happened to be on employment at that time and, as expected, was the one to attend to her during her stay in the ER.Standard ER protocols would lead me to primarily assess for changes her level of consciousness (should the origin would be neurological in nature), followed by a brief review of systems any variation from the nor mal vital signs would deem significant for a patient whos chief complaint is loss of consciousness (should the origin would be cardiac in nature). Immediately, the theory of conservation would imply that the patient should temporarily be placed on bed rest while we still determine the possible arouse of the problem (conservation of energy). Simultaneously, measures were done to revent infection from and further bleeding of the laceration (conservation of structural integrity). When the bleeding has been controlled and tests and other basic interventions have already been done, I tried on holding her mind as far away as possible from worrying about the probable effects of the cheek injury and the development of a facial scar with her self-image perception (conservation of personal integrity). Lastly, as I was already on the outgoing shift, I made sure that I stayed with her even after my duty for superfluous support until she was brought up to the OR (conservation of social integr ity).Once she was out of the OR, it was advised that she still be confined for the next 24 hours for observation and to cast off sure that the episode of loss of consciousness would not recur again. After being discharged, she was advised by her attending physician to rest for a additional week prior to going back to work. Apparently the facial damage has also exposed her facial nerves which also had to be repaired. In addition, her parotid gland has also been injured, causing facial jut whenever she eats.For the next week she had to adapt with the condition and I was there for her helping her adjust with the challenges and though out the whole ordeal. To make matters worse, the injury on her facial nerves caused weakness on her facial muscles leaving her central incisors to become unstable, resulting into even more pain and discomfort when eating and chewing. This caused strain in our relationship as she was highly irritable most of the time. It was as hard for me and for the res t of her family as it was for her as we are all clearly affected by her disability/limitations.Still, that did not deter us from being all there to support her. In two weeks, the swelling improved and the pain went away. She started eating normally again and the scar on her face became barely noticeable. Without realizing it, I have put into good use Myra Levines conservation theory. B. Using Roys model of adaptation, what were her adaptive needs in the following modes physiologic, interdependence, fibre function, and self-concept In the physiologic mode, adaptation is concerned about the conservation of physical integrity (Fawcett, 1984).Basic human needs such as oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protection, and temperature regulation are identified with this mode. In addition, the bodys mixed processes in the form of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances as well as the neurologic and endocrine functions are also taken into consideration (Manriquez, 20 09). In the interdependence mode, emphasis is on the need for social integrity. Interdependence entails maintaining balance between dependence and independence of an individuals relationship with others.Dependent behaviors can be observed as affection-seeking, help-seeking, andattention-seeking. Independent behaviors include mastery of obstacles and initiative taking. Manriquez (2009) describes this as the need is to achieve relational integrity using the process of affectional adequacy, i. e. the giving and receiving of love, take to be and value through effective relations and communication. In the role function mode, the need for social integrity is also emphasized. When human beings adapt to various role changes that occur throughout a lifetime, they are adapting in this mode.Knowing who one is, in relation to others, so one can act is the primary consequence of this mode. Role set is the complex of positions that an individual holds which involve role development, instrumenta l and expressive behaviors as well as the role-taking process (Manriquez, 2009). In a grouping setup such as a family, the role can be assessed by observing the communication patterns. The need is role clarity, understanding and committing to fulfill expected tasks so the group can achieve common goals.For example, when a couple adjusts their lifestyle appropriately following retirement from full-time employment, they are adapting in this mode (Wikipedia retrieved April 24, 2012). In self-concept mode, the need for maintenance of psychic and spiritual integrity is its main function. Perceptions of ones physical and personal self are included in this mode. (Wikipedia retrieved April 24, 2012). The goal is to exist with a sense of unity, meaning, and purposefulness in the universe (Manriquez, 2009).

Functioning Of Body Systems Essay Example for Free

Functioning Of Body Systems EssayWhat is readiness?Energy can make changes possible. We use it for our every day lives, it helps to move cars everywhere road and boats over water. Energy is also utilize to solelyow our bodies to grow, keep warm and help our minds think. Scientific define energy as the capacity to do work. Energy cannot be destroyed or created, only transported from one source to another.Forms of energy Potential EnergyPotential is the stored energy of position and the energy of position- gravitational energy. When an object is displaced from its original position and there is energy pulling it back to that position, this works with potential energy. This is when a moving object no longer has energising energy it has potential energy instead. Chemical energyIs energy stored which are in the bonds of the atoms and molecules. Batteries biomass, natural gas and coal are examples of stored chemic energy. When chemical energy is burnt it is converted to thermal energy such as burning wood in a fire place. In the human dead bole the glucose is verbalize to have chemical energy this is because when chemicals react with type O, it releases energy. Kinetic EnergyKinetic energy is the energy of motion, its all about where movement happens even its still a simple movement, it still has kinetic energy, like just clapping, dancing, singing, writing, talking, etc. also its the energy of motion. picM1Role of the energy in the human bodyThe Cardiovascular governing bodyThe human body is made up of the heart and blood vessels it helps cooling and transportation system for the human body. The main role is to administer blood through a ne twork of vessel throughout the body to provide individual cellular telephones with type O and nutrients that help dispose OFF waste (Carbon Dioxide) The cardiac system gives us energy in the Mitochondria.MetabolismMetabolism is a collection of chemical reactions that take place in the bodys cell. It converts the provide in the pabulum of which thats eaten into the energy needed to control everything we do, from moving to thinking to growing. Specific proteins in the body control the chemical reactions of the metabolism, and each of the chemical reaction is coordinated with their body affairs. Hormones control the guidance and speed of metabolism. When a person is at rest the speed of metabolism is called basal metabolic rate, this measures the awake produced by metabolism. In the process of metabolism molecules in the digestive system break proteins experience into glucose, fatty acids or amino acids, which can be used as an energy source in the body. These become absorbed into the blood, which transports them to the cells.AnabolismThe process of anabolism involves simpler molecules combining together to form complex compounds. The main exercise involves building and storing the proteins. The cells bring together amino acids to form structural and functional proteins. The functional proteins that individually catalyze chemical reactions occur and help fight out diseases that regulate the on-going body process. Cells work in the liver and the muscle, combining molecules of glucose to form animal starch a compound which is stored.CatabolismThe process of catabolism produces energy thats vital to all activities in the cells. It helps the breaking down of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to keep the energy and the heat in process. As the process continues, newly digested food, entrepot glycogen are involved. Breaking down of the fatty acids takes place in two steps. The 1st step which is called Glycolysis, works without oxygen and it produces a small core of energy. The 2nd stage which takes place is the stage of the Krebs cycle, in this process a series of chemical reactions from Acetyl-CoA with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide, water and energy.adenosine triphosphate= Adenosine Triphosphate, is the energy needed for cells to function and for muscles to contract. adenosine triphosphate is stored in the muscle and liverGives Energy by producingCarbohydrates = Digestion Glucose Fats = Fatty Acids Proteins = aminic Acids This becomes absorbed into the blood is therefore transported in the cells (muscle, nerve liver). They are therefore used to produce ATP or it is stored ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore they are stored as Glucose Glycogen (Muscle Liver)Fatty Acids Body FatAmino Acids Growth, repair and excreted waste.Cells in the body need energy to functionFOOD=ENERGY (E)picAnaerobic Energy Exercise with oxygenGlycogen breaks down into ATP + CO2 + H20Using large muscle groups continuously over a period of time Aerobic Glycolisis Fatty Acid Oxidation = The production of ATP from Carbohydrates FatWhen exercising is fast and intense, the Cardiovascular cannot supply as much oxygen to the muscles. This is then where anaerobic exercise comes in. Short term effects of sensible exercise results from occasional bursts of ext ra physical activity. Long term effects of physical exercise are the result of frequent physical activity which is nurse and high intensity e.g. activities that involve using lots of muscles and energy and increasing the heart-rate during the activity for at least 20-30 minutes.Exercises without OxygenBreathing rate increases because of no oxygen available. Glucose is burnt to produce energy and lactic acid, lactic acid can be poison and eventually lead muscles to fatigue and can lead to a cramp, Muscle cramp is on-going, uncontrolled muscle contraction due to lack of oxygen and insufficient blood circulation and can painful. To keep the glucose active essential organs are activated muscle and liver quickly require a large bust of energy, over a short period of time. The sports involved could be Weight lifting or long run Anaerobic GlycolysisAnaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, But is important and needed for a large burst of energy lasti ng a few minutes Produces ATP from Carbohydrates without Oxygen and works in 2/3 Minutes.Diagram for Aneorobic breathingGlucose Energy+ Lactic Acidhttp//www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Muscles/Effects-of-exercise-on-muscles.phpThe Respiratory SystemThe respiratory system wokrs from the Nasal Cavity, breathing through the Nasal passages, normally. The air is then passed down the Larynx, producing sounds for speaking. It then travels down the Trachea, passing air down the trachea to the lungs. The trachea splits into two borchis, carrying air to each lung. The Bronchi then split into smaller tubes that distribute air to the alveoli. impart then eventually enters the millions of tiny air sacs in the lungs called th alveoli Aeorobic respirationWhen exercising at a steavy and comfertable rate it helps the Cardiovascular sytem to supply the oxygen with all the oxygen they need. Glucose+oxygen energy+carbon dioxide+water Aeorobic exercise can last for long periods of time, without the perso n becoming breathless and loosing muscle which goes into lactic and could pose cramps e.g. from swimming/jogging. This is when we need oxygen, so carbondioxide is breathed in.Tidal VolumeThis is the amount of air taken into the lungs during breathing when the person is at rest approximately 6 litres per minute is breathed out and exchanges during inspiration and expiration.Vital CapacityThis is the maximum volume of air breathed in and following a maximum expiration.Oxygen DeficitThe body is unable to supply enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles need, which is where exhaustion is reached causing immediate and reduction in strength.Oxygen DebtATP Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + ENERGY + inorganic phosphate During exercise muscles repeatedly contract and untie, using and requiring ENERGY to exercise. The energy comes from a chemical called adenosine triphosphate- also called ATP that is broken down during exercise into another chemical called Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) When there is plenty of oxygen available in the muscle tissues the Energy for muscle action is produced aerobically In anaerobic energy production, ATP is generated by converting glycogen to lactic acid. Lactic acid is a toxic substance that can only be removed from the body by the supply of further oxygen to the affected tissues anaerobic activity leads to oxygen debtReferencehttp//kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/metabolism.html Teachers Notesvitualmedicalcentre.comhttp//kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/metabolism.html http//www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/forms_of_energy.htmhttp//www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/digestive SystemThe primary function for the digestive system is to break down food both mechanically and by the use of enzymes, so that it may be used for by the body for energy and cell growth and repair.MouthDigestion begins at the mouth the teeth cut and grind food into smaller particles that can be swallowed in the saliva, carbohydrates begin to break down the f ood.OesophagusOnce you swallow, the food moves into the Oesophagus where the continual waves of involuntary contraction pushes it way down to the stomach.StomachAs the food enters the stomach the stomach muscles relax to allow a large volume of food to be stored. The stomach muscles churn and mix the food with acids and enzymes, breaking it into much smaller, more digestible pieces. itsy-bitsy IntestinesEnzymes are increased to break down food from the pancreas and glands, breaking the proteins and carbohydrates. It also gets mixed with the product of the liver which helps break down all the fats in our body aiding digestion.Large IntestinesThe large intestines continue the food journey, absorbing any water or mineral still remaining. The rest of the content is waste, which is then passed through the rectum where it is stored until they furnish the digestive system through the anus as a bowel movement.Homeostatic Roles Supplies energy for lifes activities. Supplies building blocks for macromoleculesStages of food processingThis is the process of eating. Which begins when places the food in the mouth or the oralDigestionDigestion is the process where ingested food is broken down into a form thatcan then be absorbed and assimilated into the tissues of the body.Digestion includes two types of processes Mechanical (e.g. chewing, grinding, churning, mixing) Chemical (e.g. enzymes breaking down of food)Absorption Digested food is absorbed into the bodily fluids blood and lymph. The small intestine increases its surface area and the rate of absorption. Digestive food is broken down by simple sugars, amino acids, etc. which then enter the bloodstream.Elimination Undigested food materials are discharged from body.http//www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Digestion/DigestiveSystem-BasicStages.php

Examining The Philosophers Mahatma Gandhi And Socrates Religion Essay

Examining The Philosophers Mahatma Gandhi And Socrates Religion EssayAs philosophers Mahatma Gandhi and Socrates have approached a moral life differently because of different perceptions held by each. Socrates was one of the great Athenian philosophers. In childhood he worked as a sculptor because he did non belong to a rich family. He is described as an ugly, poor, and unwashed composition who was more concerned with moral purity than external appearance. Some of the characteristics of Socrates include ignorance, and thoughtful. Socrates was one of the influential thinkers in the fifth century whose enthusiasm to careful ratiocination changed the entire enterprise. Socrates in his forties, tried to answer some of the rough questions about the world around him. Some of the questions he asked such as what is virtue? What is arbitrator? and what is truth? Socrates looked at these questions with a different spatial relation compared to other people. Socrates believed in civil ob edience. On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi believed in civil disobedience. Mahatma Karamchand Gandhi was from a small aver in western India Porbandar, as well as known as Sudamapuri. Due to the sacrifices Gandhi made for Indians the people in India called him Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma means great soul and Gandhi means grocer. Grocer was Gandhis family occupation in the early days. Gandhi belonged to the religion Hinduism. Some of the characteristics of Mahatma Gandhi include patience, tolerance, and honesty. He was a shy person and never talked to anybody in his school. He was an honest person, as exemplified by a school sequent. One day, the educator inspector came to his school to inspect the students education. He gave some spelling words to write down on paper. Since Gandhi misspelled the word the teacher asked him to copy the right answer from someone else. However, Gandhi did non similar to copy. He never did copying in his life these incidents represented his honest and tr uthful nature. Socrates and Mahatma Gandhi not only differed in personal characteristics but they similarly have a different perspective in trying to answer difficult question about the world around them. For instance, in order to gain rights Socrates follows civil obedience and in contrast Mahatma Gandhi follows Civil disobedience.In comparison to Mahatma Gandhi Socrates tried to answer the difficult questions about the world in different ways. Socrates questioned people about the world around them and on the other hand Gandhi made some philosophical quotes in order to help Indian people gain their rights in India. For instance, Socrates has a foundational place in the history of ideas in spite of not having written anything. He is considered one of the philosophers who have altered how the philosophy itself is envisaged. Socrates did not write anything because he believed that knowledge is something which is living and a thing that usher out be shared by interacting with people. The method of Socratic philosophical inquiry consisted in questioning people and proving to them that their original assertion is wrong and making them work through questions into a contradiction on the positions they have asserted. Plato was the student of Socrates who has written the book The Apology of Socrates. In Greek the title is called Apologia Socratous. It is the oldest existent document of Greek Philosophy. With the title, legion(predicate) readers conjure up to it as an apology however the title is ambiguous because in Greek apologia means defense. Socrates simply defends the way he lived his life but does not apologize for anything he has done during his lifetime. In the text The Apology of Socrates the Socrates saysFirst, then, its right for me to make my defense, Athenians, against the first of the false accusations made against me and against my first accusers, and then against the ulterior ones and the later accusers. Many have accused me before you, and have d one so for a long time now, though they didnt say anything thats true (43b).In 399 BC Socrates was charged of refusing to recognize the gods which was recognized by the state and for corrupting the young Athenians. In other words, people believed that Socrates was trying to corrupt young Athenians about god. He was stood before a jury which consisted of five hundred people of his fellow Athenians.In the text, he is defending himself in front of 500 Athenians saying that many people have accused me, but no one said anything which was true. With the Socratic Method he offended many great powerful Athenians. Since he created a lot of powerful enemies they brought him to trial thinking that they could make him beg for mercy. It did not work out but instead Socrates ended up affront the jury by elucidating how ignorant they are, Socrates was mean, ugly, and outspoken but like Mahatma Gandhi he always wanted to be truthful. Socrates looked at the things in the world differently compared to other people. In the trial for the life of Socrates he astounded the listeners by being found guilty and destined to death in spite of his energetic defense. In the text The Apology of Socrates the Socrates saysAnd so, members of the jury, you should be optimistic about death and think about this one truth, that no harm comes to a candid man in life or in death, and his problems are not neglected by the gods (65d).Since Socrates held different perceptions about the world. He says that nothing can harm a good man neither in life and death. After hearing both sides the jury asked the members to vote on the guilt of Socrates. Since a lot of people voted for him that he was guilty he was sentenced to death. Socrates was given a chance to determine his penalty but Socrates wanted to be punished for his actions. Therefore, the jury sentenced him to death. According to Athenian law, they appointed him to drink a cup of hemlock. Hemlock is like poison. While dying he believed that dyin g now and escaping from the problems was good for him.On the other hand, Gandhi was not like Socrates. He was calm, thoughtful, and observant. After finishing his studies, he returned to India for a short period of time. Again he went to South Africa because he was unable to obtain a line of credit in India. At first, he traveled in the train, because he was not prepared for the racial intolerance. Since his color was black he was thrown out of the train. An incident in the train shaped his actions for historic period. During that period of time British controlled South Africa. He was abused, and all Indians suffered similar treatment. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for twenty one years to fight for his civil rights and won many concessions for his fellow Indians. He believed that if they can gain rights with nonviolence then wherefore be violent and harm others and ourselves. In order to fight for truth and gain rights he gave rise to Satyagraha. Satyagraha is divided into two wo rds which Satya and agraha. Satya means truth and agraha means to follow the principles of truth. Satyagraha was a cocksucker used for nonviolence and civil rebelliousness which is the appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals. In the text Mahatma Gandhi- Selected Political Writings the Gandhi saysSatyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary he does not seek his destruction. A Satyagrahi never resorts to firearms. In the use of Satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called Satyagraha (52).According to Mahatma Gandhi a person who is Satyagrahi does not harm the opponent with violence. Since Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence he gave rise to satyagraha and ahimsa. In the book Mahatma Gandhi-Selected Political Writings Mahatma Gandhi also says Our shastras seems to teach that a man who really practices ahimsa in its fullness has the world at his feet, he s o affects his surroundings that even the snakes and other venomous reptiles do him no harm (40). The word Ahimsa symbolizes non-violence. In the soul of every human being there are many things that we have to fight against such as fear, ignorance, anxieties, and stress. But according to Gandhi the outer fight should be avoided. In the Bhagavad-Gita the holy book which belong to the religion of Hinduism. Lord Krishna asked Arjuna to fight in order to extirpate ignorance. However, fighting is necessary only on some occasions when it is the explicit will of god. According to the text any person who practices ahimsa with truthfulness nothing can harm them not even harmful creatures such as snakes and reptiles. If a person is a follower of ahimsa then the person should love their enemy. Ahimsa is non-violence but also includes truth and courage.During the lifetime of Socrates he questioned people about the world around them and died because of his ignorant behavior. Socrates chose death because he did not wanted to break the law of the city and also held a belief that since he was a good man nothing can harm him. On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi fought for the rights of Indian people without spreading violence and practicing Satyagraha and Ahimsa. He did not die of ignorance instead he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse. He killed Gandhi because according to him Gandhi was betraying India by negotiations with Pakistan to stop the war which was going on. He was the great soul that will live among Indians.Both Socrates and Mahatma Gandhi not only differed in personal characteristics but also they have a different perspective in trying to answer difficult question about the world around them. Socrates was ignorant but he always believed in truthfulness as Mahatma Gandhi. Both philosophers approached a different moral life. Gandhi died for the people and Socrates died because he wanted to without breaking the law of the city.

Early Occupational Therapy Intervention for Schizophrenia

Early Occupational Therapy Intervention for SchizophreniaThe Potential value of Early Occupational Therapy Interventionfor Adults with Schizophrenia.Introduction (approx 250 words)In this argueion, we would stress on the magnificence of occupational therapy in the treatwork forcet of dementia praecox and in vocational rehabilitation of schizophrenic adults. The discussions begin with examining the causes and aetiology, prognosis and diagnosis of dementia praecox, the symptoms hired and the general out aspect of the treatment. We look at stress factors, genetical vulnerability, de frameities in the brainiac, chemical unst adaptedness in hormones and neurotransmitters in the body, faulty neural connections, change magnitude or decreased size of brain parts, viral infections at foetal stage and pre and post natal complications that stinker all contribute to schizophrenic psychosis. The clinical manifestation of the inconvenience ordinarily shows early flak in male adult s and schizophrenia is r are in children and elderly souls. Symptoms of the disease show the presence of hallucinations, delusions, disordered and bizarre thinking, affable isolation and extreme suspicion. The non-homogeneous types of incumbrance programs for treatment and care of schizophrenia are then discussed and these range from pharmacological interventions to psych new(prenominal)apy such as cognitive behavioural therapy and occupational therapy, family and psycho neighborly interventions. The unlike types of interventions including psychological, occupational and clinical catch been suggested by the NHS and Department of Health and the role of mental health service has been stressed. The guideline issued by the subject Institute for clinical Excellence (NICE) suggests the need for care across all stages of the disease with medical attention at the initial acute stage of the disease. Treatment of acute episodes promoting reduction of symptoms and application of tranqu ilizers make believe been identified as inhering and we discuss in detail the richness of occupation and the role of occupational therapists in aiming to restore a healthy deportment for schizophrenics.Chapter 1 (approx 1200 words).Aetiology of schizophrenia Several FactorsThe cause of Schizophrenia has not yet been conclusively established and several causes pitch been proposed. The interplay of genetic, behavioural, social and physiological factors whitethorn be responsible for the onset of the condition. Changes or deformities in the brain save been held responsible for phrasement of schizophrenia although genetic factors are excessively grievous. Schizophrenia seems to run in families and a child born in a family with history of schizophrenia is 10 prison terms more likely to develop the disease than anyone in the general race. Multiple genes are directd in growing a predisposition for schizophrenia although prenatal difficulties like intrauterine famishment or vi ral infections, peri-natal complications, and various non- item stressors, seem to influence the development of the condition. However the mechanism of genetic transmission of the disease has not yet been established. Identification of specific genes in the homophile genome is underway and the strongest evidence suggest chromosomes 13 and 6 are responsible for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Some evidence that schizophrenia is related to imbalance in chemical systems of the brain suggests that neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate are linked to the onset of the disease. Neuro- imaging studies have build abnormalities in the brain structure of schizophrenics with decreased or increased size of brain parts. However these brain abnormalities are not just present in the great unwashed with schizophrenia nor are they common for all schizophrenics suggesting that these abnormalities may not have definite links with the disease. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has cat egorised schizophrenia as a developmental disease resulting when neurons form inappropriate connections in the foetal stage of development. However these faulty connections can remain dormant and hunt down to affect only after puberty when changes in the brain seem to get adversely affected by these dormant faulty connections. Certain biochemical changes have been found through brain imaging techniques as preceding the onset of disease so changes in neural circuits as easily as molecular changes exploring the genetic basis of brain abnormalities have all been linked as causes of schizophrenia.Recent studies have proved that schizophrenia and new(prenominal) mental ailments are ca utilize by a combination of inherited genetic factors and external environmental factors and all current theories such as the chemical imbalance theory, genetic vulnerability theory, stress and vulnerability theory and complex disease theory reach similar conclusions. The two factors genetic vulnerabili ty and environmental vulnerability or stress and their effects on the body and brain have been found to play important role in Schizophrenia. Excessive stress, for example can trigger the release of certain hormones and result in increased levels of cortisol in the brain. Excessive cortisol in turn destroys nerve cells in the hippocampus that are responsible for memory and coordinating daily and complex tasks.The NHS emphasises that a good deal of the available research on the aetiology of schizophrenia is consistent with a stress-vulnerability pretence of the disease (Nuechterlein Dawson, 1984 cited in NHS, 2005),a model which arguably has the greatest utility in integrating current biological,psychological and social findings. This paradigm suggests that unmarrieds possess different levels of vulnerability to schizophrenia, which are determined by a combination of biological, social and/or psychological factors. It is proposed that vulnerability to schizophrenia will result i n the development of problems only when environmental stressors are present. If the vulnerability of an various(prenominal) is sufficiently high, relatively low levels of environmental stress might be sufficient to cause problems. If the vulnerability is much less, problems will develop only when higher levels of environmental stress are experienced. The model is consistent with a spacious variety of putative causes of the disorder, as well as the differential relapse and readmission rates observed among people with schizophrenia (NHS report, on Schizophrenia 2005).1.2 Clinical Presentation of Schizophrenia Early Onset.Schizophrenia is a disabling and chronic mental ailment and has been related to brain disorder. The disorder appears previous in men and usually affects women later in life. The vulnerable age for the disease is late adolescence to early adulthood in most men and affects men of age 16 to 30 years and women in their late twenties to early thirties. The disease is marked by early onset and is rarely found in older men or children, although such cases of very early or late schizophrenic acute phases have been reported. The disease once touching an individual can cripple him for a life clipping. People with schizophrenia can have delusions and hallucinations and can hitherto be paranoid that leave them fearful, suspicious and withdrawn. They may be incomprehensible or disorganised in speech and actions and lead a life completely isolated and excluded from social interactions (Schretlen et al. 2000). In most conditions they drop off contact with reality and their repeated, meaningless and sometimes withdrawn and sometimes aggressive behaviour can be frightening to other individuals. The onset of schizophrenia is marked by withdrawal and shocking changes in behaviour and is accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and false soulfulnessal beliefs and unreal experiences (WHO, 1980). Social isolation and unusual speech or thinking are f ound in this acute phase of the disease. Chronic schizophrenic symptoms or a continuing or recurring pattern of disease in a patient signifies the necessity for long term treatment including music and the patient may even fail to recover normal functioning. 1% of the population has been found to have this disease and the NHS and WHO give a statistical data on schizophrenia and we will be providing here. Sometimes people with symptoms of schizophrenia may show depressive mood or bipolar disorder and in some cases individuals may be diagnosed with schizophrenia like symptoms as well known as schizoaffective disorder.1.3 Early Intervention Service Occupational Therapy (Core Skills).Comparing the in force(p)ness of skills training with occupational therapy, Liberman et al (1998) studied community functioning of outpatients with persistent forms of schizophrenia after the patients were treated with psychosocial and occupational therapy or attached social skills training conducted b y para captains. For the issue 80 outpatients with persistent schizophrenia were randomly selected and received psychosocial occupational therapy or skills training for 12 hours every week for 6 months and this was followed by 18 months of case management in the community. Antipsychotic medical specialty was also stipulation by psychiatrists. The results of the study indicated that patients who received skills training showed greater independent living skills during a 2 year follow up of everyday community functioning. Liberman et al cogitate that skills training can be hard-hittingly conducted by paraprofessionals with durability and generalization greater than that achieved by occupational therapists who provide patients with psychosocial occupational therapy.Whitwell (2001) discuss early intervention as a strategy in the treatment of mental illness carried out by specialised and innovative projects and approaches. Early intervention approaches have liberal rapidly in the la st decade as it has been observed that schizophrenia reaches a peak of severity after 2-5 years of its onset and after this the balk remains the same or decreases , also known as the plateau effect (McGlashen 1988). Most people remain untreated for the first 1 or 2 years of the onset of illness and when left untreated, the illness set out biological, psychological and social processes that add to the chronicity of the illness and the illness may truly become toxic triggering chemical changes in the brain. The critical period hypothesis or the necessity to intervene and treat the condition early is essential for developing newer insights into the nature of the illness (Birchwood et al 1998).Early intervention is the strategy for treating psychotic illnesses during its early stages of development, involving shortening the duration of untreated psychosis and may also involve intervention even before the psychosis develops. Early intervention with flexible and assertive approach on th e part of occupational therapists is important in full recovery or neb of the disease.Chapter 2 (approx 2500 words), To evaluate the effects ofschizophrenia on the individuals occupational writ of execution2.1 The Occupational Nature of Humans.Occupation of a human being refers to the role a person plays or an activity through which a person earns money or livelihood. With the emergence of occupational science and the realisation of health benefits of occupational engagement, in that respect is a necessity for increased research into the occupational nature of humans. Chugg and Craik (2002) argue that engaging in occupations have a positive effect on an individuals health and sense of well being, although in schizophrenia there is a decreased volition and reduction in occupation with lowered achievement. Their study focused on the influences on occupational engagement for people with schizophrenia living in a particular community. They used semi-structured interviews and qualita tive analytic approach. 4 male and 4 female participants aged 23 to 49 years described their occupational engagement and the associated influences. Content analysis along with coding was used to categorise the data and quartet main themes on health, routine, external and internal factors emerged from the study. The specific factors identified at heart these themes are medication, daily schedules, family, staff, work, self concept and life challenges. The role of occupational therapists to influence clients with schizophrenia to engage more successfully in occupations has been highlighted in the study.Wilcock (1999) claim that the relationship between occupation and health and well being of an individual is very complex and can be described in many ways. Wilcock claims that the definition of occupation that appear to appeal a wide range of people is a synthesis of doing, being and becoming. Wilcock reflects on a dynamic balance between doing and being which is central to healthy l iving and wellness and suggests that becoming what a person or a community is best suitable for is dependent on both the doing and the being. Doing is what Wilcock suggests, the synonym for occupation and it is not doable to envisage a world without occupation showing the importance and central role of the occupational nature of humans. Being is represented by notions such as nature and essence and encapsulates being true to ourselves and individual capacities in all that we do. Becoming adds to this an element or sense of future and holds in it the notions of transformation and self actualization. Wilcock emphasises that becoming sponsors in actually enabling occupation with ideas on human development, growth and potential. The occupational therapists uphold people to transform their lives through enabling them to do and to be through the process of becoming. Philosophically, thus doing and being are integral to becoming and to occupational therapy, process and outcomes and Wilc ock suggests how best to utilize these in self growth, professional practice, student teaching and learning and help individuals to influence a social and global change for healthier lifestyles.2.2 Occupational Deficits associated with SchizophreniaBejerholm et al (2004) suggest that schizophrenia is a complex disorder and has severe impacts in daily life. The human occupational pattern is considered as a product of person-occupation-environment interaction and the importance of exploring all these three factors have been stressed as essential to understand the daily occupational patterns among persons with schizophrenia. Bejerholms study used data obtained from 10 schizophrenic individuals and examined their time use reflecting on their daily occupations, social and geographical environments, emotional reactions and reflections on their occupational performance. The results of the study indicated stagnation in a participants occupational pattern and time use. The authors suggest th at most activities by schizophrenics are not triggered by a facilitating environment but happen due to factors inherent in the person triggered by basic and immediate life needs or simply for the need of escaping reality and seeking social isolation. The paper suggests that occupational therapists are capable of assisting people with schizophrenia to help reshaping the environment and help them to regain roles that involved interacting with the external environment.Breier (1998) claims that schizophrenia is characterised by cognitive deficits in several human domains and involve disfunction in attention, information processing, memory and executive performance. These deficits are observed in family members of schizophrenics as well suggesting a heritable component in the disease. Cognitive deficits also predate the onset of schizophrenia suggesting that core components of schizophrenia are not secondary to medication side effects or to positive or forbid symptoms. Cognitive abnorma lities tend to predict occupational and social dysfunction is a major determinant of long term outcome. Breier points out that traditional neuroleptic drugs have been proven to be relatively infective for the deficits and atypical major tranquilliser drugs may have cognitive properties. cardinal of these antipsychotic agents, olanzapine increases norepinephrine and dopamine in prefronatal cerebral mantle and produces mediated disruption in information processing with mixed effects supporting cognitive enhancing potential. Breier points out that that some recent trails, olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol when used in comparative trials in early phases of schizophrenia have suggested that olanzapine demonstrates superiority for a number of cognitive domains over other antipsychotic drugs. Atypical drugs are increasingly used for the treatment of schizophrenia and may play even greater roles in the future.2.3 The Value of Occupational PerformanceOccupational therapy helps in as sessing and remediation of human performance deficits and closely associated with enhancing occupational performance. Occupational performance is measured as the ability to perform tasks that make it possible to carry out occupational roles in a manner appropriate to an individuals developmental culture, stage of life, and environment. Functional performance is important to occupational therapy and is required for assessment of a persons level of functioning and for assessing the efficacy of interventions. Occupational functioning measures can be made at various levels of complexity and occupational therapists need to measure the level at which a mentally disabled individual can work.The WHO classifies mental impairments on a functional hierarchy and provides the initial foundation jibe to which occupational therapists distinguish levels of functioning for various diseases. Lower levels of impairment signify dysfunction of organs and may not be accompanied by any impairment of func tional ability. For example in case of diabetes or a related illness, a dysfunction of the pancreas may not involve impairments in occupational performance. Bio-mechanical and physiological aspects of go performance are measured with the help of devices although measurements of occupational performance are a bit more complex as they involve an appraisal of abilities which can be measured, representing component parts of occupational performance. The importance of each of the component parts or abilities for measuring occupational performance can vary from one individual to another. Disability would usually refer to the inability to perform any particular physical task although motivational issues are important as these help to overcome disabilities in a person. The highest level of impairment categorized by WHO is a handicap, in which any disability severely impairs a person from performing a social or physical role successfully. Occupational therapists seek ways in handicap patien ts and help them to overcome performance deficits. However handicap is more of a socially defined phenomena rather than a quantifiable impaired physical ability and not being able to fulfil a social role is a serve problem faced by mentally ill patients, especially in schizophrenia. Occupational therapists tend to restore the social and psychological involvement to an extent in schizophrenic individuals. The measurement of occupational performance needs to be understood in social and individual contexts as also in the context of individual function and development.2.4 The Relevance of OccupationOccupational performance can be classified into four types according to the use of occupational performance as a generic wine frame of lineament for national medical practice, as a frame of reference for occupational therapy curricula, as a term for the use of occupational therapists to explain practice and the use of occupational therapy to develop assessment tools. The concept of occupati onal performance is closely associated with therapy as performance indicated purposeful activity and consisted of areas in care, work and leisure activities. Skills in areas of performance are related life space of an individual and include the cultural, social and physical environment. Occupational performance is based on learning, developmental stages of sensory integrative functioning, social functioning, psychological functioning, cognitive functioning and motor functioning.Based on the framework for occupational performance, a consistent occupational therapy model could be developed and the Canadian Association of Occupational therapy outlined the generic conceptual framework of function for occupational therapy to be followed by clients, in work settings and in modes of practice. In general the notion of occupational performance is affirming the worth(predicate) of a person as an active participant in his or her therapeutic relationship although this concept gets into difficu lty for patients with severe mental ailments. The three areas of occupational performance have been described as self care, productivity and leisure activities and four performance components recognised are mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual. Townsend et al stated in achieving occupational performance, each individual both influences and is influenced by his or her environment (1997, p.71).2.5 Early Intervention of Schizophrenia Department of Health objectives, NHS plan and guidelines of the Mental Health National Service FrameworkThe NHS describes schizophrenia as a mental illness with substantial short and long term consequences for individuals, family, health and clinical services and society. One in hundred people experience schizophrenia in their lifetime with highest incidence of the disease in late teens and early 20s. People with schizophrenia turn a loss distress and long term disability and there is a lot of accompanied stigma and prejudice involved with the disease that can have invalidating effects on employment, relationships and life satisfaction. A persons family is completely destroyed with schizophrenia and carers and family members also carry the burden of the disease and caring the person for a long time. A schizophrenic family member can be a stress to the entire family. Schizophrenia costs the NHS more than any other mental illness and consumes more than 5% of the NHS budget as it is associated with a loss of income causing serious personal, medical, social and economic problems. Stigmatization, and discrimination is associated with schizophrenia and go along in wider society and diagnosis of the disease can have serious implications for a persons career or social life. Even within the NHS, individuals with schizophrenia can receive substandard no psychiatric care as a result of professional ignorance and prejudice. However guidelines provided by the NHS are essential for improving services and provisions for schizophrenics .The NHS, DH and NICE guidelines for schizophrenia can be given as followsSchizophrenia Core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in primary and secondary care, outlines best practice for health professionals caring for individuals with schizophrenia in a range of areas, includingCare across all stages (for example, the importance of working in partnership with service users and carers, and offering treatment in an atmosphere of hope and optimism)Initiation of treatment (for example, the development of early intervention services to provide appropriate care for people with suspected or newly diagnosed schizophrenia)Treatment of acute episodes (for example, the use of antipsychotic drugs as part of a world-wide package of care that addresses the individuals clinical, emotional and social needs)Promoting recovery (for example, the use of psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy to prevent relapse and reduce symptoms) rapid tranquilli sation (for example, minimising factors that might increase need for rapid tranquillisation and outlining the principles health professionals should follow)The guideline has been developed by the National Collaborating Centre (NCC) for Mental Health. The recommendations in the schizophrenia guideline given by the NICE (National Institute for Clinical excellence- NHS) coverpsychological treatments,treatment with medicines, andhow best to organise mental health services in order to help people with schizophrenia.The guideline concentrates on services for adults of working age with schizophrenia and not on schizophrenia in childhood or schizophrenia start in later life .The guideline also does not cover diagnosis and assessment tools in detail.It outlines the kind of treatment (medicines and psychological therapy) and services are of most help to people with schizophrenia, and whether treatment should be given as an outpatient, by a community mental health team up, as an inpatient or in any other mental health service. It also outlines the role of GPs in managing and treating schizophrenia.The Specific aims of the guideline of NICE and NHS on Schizophrenia are given belowSource NHS report on Schizophrenia treatment and Interventions guidelinesSource NHS, 2005The NHS report points out that the treatment and management of schizophrenia took place in whacking asylums in earlier times although government policy initiated a programme to change this practice and this has been largely possible by the introduction of conventional antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, haloperidol. The NHS mentions several interventions methods such as pharmacological treatment, psychological interventions, service level interventions, primary-secondary care interface, physical health care, and skills training as effective for treatment and support for schizophrenic individuals. We would discuss these methods of intervention in the next chapter.Chapter 3.A Critical A nalysis of Early Interventions used by Occupational therapists.3.1 Psychosocial interventionMueser and McGurk (2004) define Schizophrenia as a mental illness that is among worlds top ten causes of long term disability. The symptoms of schizophrenia include psychosis, impassibility and withdrawal, cognitive impairment and these can lead to associated problems in social and occupational functioning as also problems with self-care. They also give the percentage of affected population at 1% across different countries, cultural groups and sexes. Mueser and McGurk point out that the illness develops between the ages 16 and 30 years and persists throughout the adults lifetime. Reiterating that the cause of schizophrenia is largely unknown, the authors claim that genetic factors, early environmental influences and obstetric complications, social factors such as poverty can contribute to the illness. Although pathophysiological differences pull through in a wide range of brain structures , no biological alterations are symptomatic or pathognomic of schizophrenia. As for intervention methods, the authors emphasize that antipsychotic medication is the mainstay for managing schizophrenia although a range of other psychosocial treatments such as family intervention, supported employment and occupational therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis, social and skills training, teaching illness self management skills, assertive community treatment and other forms of integrated treatment for co-occurring substance abuse are equally important. In this section we would discuss several intervention methods and approaches highlighting on the three important ones including the broader category of psychosocial intervention, skills training and pharmacologic or medical treatments.Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that can affect an individual during the early adult years or adolescent period of life. It is usually marked by acute and sometimes snitch relapses. In acute conditions, the main treatment method is controlling the symptoms and this is done with the application and administration of antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and counselling and a variety of other methods. Antipsychotic medication prescribed by psychiatrists is the most common form of treatment and both older typical medication as well as newer anti-psychotics are used which are usually taken by the patient once in every two to four weeks. Injections given are usually thought to improve effectiveness of medication. Newer atypical anti-psychotics are generally used for acute episodes although there is very little evidence that they prevent relapses. Talking treatments and therapies involve meetings with therapists, general support and advice on illness and some deeper analysis may also be involved. However certain types of therapies may not be effective treatments of acute symptoms although they may help in particular problems as in vocational rehabilitation or occupational t herapy who are helped to learn self help skills and given vocational training or aided to get back to earlier work. Antipsychotic medication is sometimes given in combination with occupational and other types of therapy although these drugs may have many long term side effects. Typical anti psychotics were known to cause disorders in movement although the newer varieties may have other side effects such as weight gain. Talking therapies along with medication can help improve compliance with the antipsychotic medication given and increase general knowledge about the illness making patients more aware of their condition. Patients are usually treated by a team of professionals comprising of psychiatrists, occupational therapists, social workers and nurses. Community psychiatric nurses or CPNs treat outpatients and provide both therapeutic and medical help. Social workers tend to address family problems and related issues. vocational rehabilitation is given by occupational therapists, p sychiatrists give medical help and advice and clinical psychologists usually undertake psychotherapy and engage in talking heal remedial measures.Occupational therapy is skilled treatment helping affected individuals to achieve independence in all areas of life. Occupational therapy he

Parable Of The Prodigal Son Analysis Religion Essay

Parable Of The squanderer Son Analysis Religion EssayIn the Bible, atomic number 53 can pick up many a(prenominal) different ways in which the text of the Bible demonstrates basic principles and standards through stories, poetry, narratives, prophecy, and apocalyptic literature. The most common in the Gospels, of the teachings of deliveryman Christ, is the fiction. What is a entirelyegory? A parable is a fictitious story designed to teach a les boy through comparison or contrast. For this paper, we will examine the Parable of the Prodigal Son, found in the fifteenth chapter of Luke. In this paper, we will explore the theme of the theme the chapter in which the Parable of the Prodigal son is found, as well as the parables interpretation, and practical applications.The Parable of the Prodigal Son taught by Jesus was proclaimed to teach forgiveness. However, before we can further examine its theme, a historical and literary analysis of the Gospel of Luke essential be conducted to enhance the subscribers approach to how one comprehends this books message.The dating of the third Gospel is important in grasping the historicity of it. succession the use up year of piece of music is not known, many scholars believe it was written between 60-85 A.D. One may also note that the third Gospel does not in a flash identify its author. (Roberts). We are left to examine the internal and external evidence in order to draw the most plausible conclusion. The piece of evidence, which drives some to Lukes authorship of the third gospel, is that the author presents himself as Pauls companion and is pointed out in Pauls writings in Philemon 24 and Colossians 414 as one of Pauls traveling companions. epoch the dating and authorship of the third gospel switch been established, the context for the parable of the profligate son and the senior chum salmon in Luke 1511-32 in Jesus ministry seems to be a story designed by Jesus to put in perspectivewhat God was doing as he co nsorted with sinners. (Nolland). By the time the allegeer arrives at the fifteenth chapter of the gospel of Luke, they have already seen Jesus experience encounters with numerous situations of confronting sinners including the angered people in the Temple on the Sabbath day in Nazareth in Luke 428-29, the judgmental Pharisees watching Jesus heal the man with a wi in that locationd hand on the Sabbath in Luke 66-11, the sinful woman with an alabaster flask of ointment in Luke 736-50, and a Samaritan village which rejected Jesus in Luke 951-56. These events, which lead up to Jesus vocalizing the parable of the prodigal son, seemed to build up to a strategic location of order for this parable for God to speak through the author of the importance of forgiveness. While historical blanketground of the Gospel of Luke is important, the literary background of it is equally exigent.The passage of Luke 1511-32 is an allegorical, realistic story, which is rich in homely detail and character ization. (Drury). If the parable is read or heard as solely anecdotal, it may be entertaining, but it does not do accomplish the goal of the speaker. While the everyplaceall purpose of this parable is mainly to offer the reader or hearer a new understanding of the situation and to lead them to puddle a decision, the story also forms unitedly to break into two separate stories of one family which ties together at the end of the parable. The premier focuses on the prodigal son in verses 11-24, and second on the elder familiar in verses 25-32. In both fates of the story the focus is first on the son and then on the vex. (Talbert). Historically and literarily viewing what is normally known as the Parable of the Prodigal Son is imperative in journeying through an examination of this parable.Authors Interpretation of the ParableSince the purpose of this paper is to acquit how Jesus told the Parable of the Prodigal Son to teach forgiveness, this portion of this paper will concentra te on verses 11-32 of Luke. This section of the paper will show the detailed specification of how Jesus taught people with relevant topics in every persons life, namely forgiveness.The parables beginning is one that shows the choices of the young son. Verses 11-13 begin this parable. Verse 11 begins the parable by stating, A certain man had two sons. (The Holy Bible, KJV/AMP). This verse gives the reader the facts of the people involved in this story. There was a certain man, and this man had to have two sons. After the reader is introduced to the basic facts of the story, verses 12-13 show the choices of the jr. son. The key portion of verses 12-13 is shown in the latter portion of verse 13 where the text states, there wasted his substance with riotous living The word riotous shows the sinful act of the younger son. This portion must be where the younger son first sinned in the story due to his ignoring that his breed had a moral claim on his property, that his father, so long a s he lived, had a right to call, in case of necessity, upon the sons labour and his savings. (Derret).Verses 14-16 shows the dilemma of the younger son. Verse 14 expresses the difficult dilemma the youngest son finds himself in is two-fold he squandered the money, and a shortfall ensued. This famine is no ordinary famine. The famine is a severe famine. (The Holy Bible, NIV). As a result, the younger son is forced to feed pigs in verse 15. Because the eating of pigs was highly frowned upon in the Jewish culture as is shown in Leviticus 117 and Deuteronomy 148, this act continues to lead the son further away from the fatherThe next verse, verse 16, shows a true act of desperation and shows how quickly the younger son came to the realization that pigs were eating better than he did. Verses 17-19 express the younger son coming to his senses as to what is truly wise for his life not only for food, but also for seeking forgiveness and mending a race he had previously injured. Although h e made a major mistake in his life, he finally came to the point of realization that he was wrong, and he must go to his father to seek forgiveness.Verses 18 and 19 represent what the younger son says he will say when he seeks his fathers forgiveness. Verse 19 shows where the prodigal son feels he has burnt his bridges, and he is literally no longer worthy to be called his fathers son.15 He is so humbled at this point that he asks for the opportunity to even be a hired servant.Verse 20 represents a reunion between a father and son who, despite bout in their relationship, sought reconciliation beginning in this verse. The father was so excited about the return of his son that he ran out, cut throughd him, and kissed him. (The Message). This action by the father was contrary to all custom in the near East, a mature man loses all dignity when he runs. (Schweizer). This greeting from the father running to the younger son was one of warmth and forgiveness. Verse 21 contains the deliver ance of the rehearsed speech from verses 18 and 19. The younger son finally asked for forgiveness after so oft time of disobedience. The father did not interrupt the son to cause him to fail conclude the previously rehearsed speech of forgiveness.Not only was a kiss on the cheek a sign of forgiveness, but also a sign of reconciliation. As this action from the father represented the forgiveness and reconciliation, the robe represented a sign of honor, the ring represented a sign of authority, the shoes a sign of a free man, and the feast a sign of joy.Verses 27-30 show the old brother with an opposite response than the father pertaining to the return of his brother. Instead of excitement, he was bitter and jealous. During this bitterness the older brother was just as sinful as his younger brother who sinned in other ways. Verses 31-32 conclude the parable of Luke 1511-32 and marks the response by the father to the elder brother. The father reminds his eldest son all that I have is thine, signifying that all that is left is his to inherit. (The Holy Bible, KJV/AMP) Nevertheless, he also reminds him about his brother, who was thought dead, has returned alive to them.I believe Jesus include this parable in his ministry to remind the people that God, the Father, like the father in the Parable of the Prodigal Son, is willing to allow his children to venture off and explore the world. When his children make a mess out of their situation and are not worthy to come back Him, God stands waiting and watching for his children to return. And when they do, He is there to embrace them with open arms, clothe them with honor, and celebrate their return.Practical Application of the ParableThe Parable of the Prodigal son is a story that expresses the reality of giving into temptation, the jealousy that comes as a result of sibling rivalry, the forgiveness of a loving father.The reality of giving into temptation is one that occurs by all people as all have sinned and fallen sho rt of God glory. This story began with the younger son giving into temptation in verse twelve by saying, Father, give me the part of the estate that lays upon me. As Enron employees saw an easy opening of temptation cross their paths, they, too gave into temptation, and faced consequences for that. Although the parable of the prodigal son is a story which was told over 2,000 years ago, it still teaches the same lesson in the twenty-first century which was intended back then. Not only does the parable of the prodigal son and the elder brother teach the reality of giving into temptation, but it also teaches the reality of being jealous because of sibling rivalry.The jealousy the elder brother showed in verses 29 and 30 of Luke chapter 15 was apparent when the elder brother said to his father, I have been serving you for so many years and I have never passed by a command of yoursbut when this son of yours cameyou sacrificed the fattened calf for him. These verses are similar to any sib ling rivalry of children growing up and the situation occurs where one child receives more attention, a nicer Christmas present, or is just simply not favored as much as their sibling. This is present to different extents in many siblings relationships. As this was true in this parable, it is also true today. The parable of the prodigal son and the elder brother concludes by the father teaching the elder brother through his fatherly wisdom that its important to look past the previous mistakes of his younger brother and to celebrate the repentance and return of a fellow family member. sightly like then, the Parable of the Prodigal Son illustrates the forgiveness of the Father in Heaven. When his children slip and fall from the grace of God, God does not turn his back on his children and forget about them. Instead, God is always waiting for us to return. Moreover, when we do return, He will welcome us into his arms and place us back at the table where we belong.Reflective ConclusionBy doing this assignment,

Critique of the 2007 WCRF Report on Cancer Prevention Essay -- Health,

The Internationally acclaimed World Cancer Research computer memory (WCRF) International in London, UK, is considered among many scientists, to be the leader in the unification of charities dedicated to cancer research. (Beck, et al., 296). Beck, Thompson and Allen summarized the 2007 WCRF information and statistics from around the world on cancer prevention in their paper, Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention -- Highlights from a New Report by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research. Cancer in its many forms is on the rise up globally in 2007 there were 11.3 million cases of cancer and this number is expected to rise to 15.5 million cases by 2030 (296). There are two main reasons for the affix in this deadly disease populations of many countries are aging and the populations of many countries are consuming more foods and drinks that promote weight gain, leading to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (296). One of the main purpos es of their Policy Report is to provide the public with information that helps achieve health goals for reducing cancer adventure (296). The WCRF suggests policies that protect life at all stages and in this report special emphasis (298) was placed on policies to help children, young women and mothers achieve higher standards in nutrition thereby reducing their risk of cancer.Many scientists are in agreement now that lifestyle with emphasis on proper nutrition is a key factor in reducing the risk of cancer. The 2007 WCRF Report was compiled by a panel of 23 international experts on cancer prevention, who closely examined designate from a 2007 Diet and Cancer report. There were an additional two professionals on the panel with expert experience in policy. ... ...he World Cancer Research Fund And The American Institute For Cancer Research. Nutrition Bulletin 34.3 (2009) 296-302. CINAHL. Web. 22 Jan. 2012.Holman, Dawn M, and Mary C White. Dietary Behaviors Related To Cancer Preventi on Among Pre-Adolescents And Adolescents The Gap in the midst of Recommendations And Reality. Nutrition daybook 10.(2011) 60. MEDLINE. Web. 23 Jan. 2012.Tercyak, Kenneth P, and Vida L Tyc. Opportunities And Challenges In The Prevention And Control Of Cancer And Other Chronic Diseases Childrens Diet And Nutrition And Weight And Physical Activity. Journal Of Pediatric Psychology 31.8 (2006) 750-763. MEDLINE. Web. 23 Jan. 2012.James R Cerhan, et al. Factors Associated With Breast Cancer Prevention Communication Between Mothers And Daughters. Journal Of Womens Health (2002) 17.6 (2008) 1017-1023. MEDLINE. Web. 22 Jan. 2012.

Francisco Franco Essay -- essays research papers

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco was the dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975, including the time of WW2. Perhaps he was better known as El Caudillo, translated into English as The Leader. He was natural and raised in Spain. He was a very brilliant military general who led Nationalist rebels in defeating the Spanish government during the Spanish civil War. Although he was viewed as a Fascist Dictator, he strongly opposed communism. He was an extremely important figure in the course of world history.Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde, Francisco Franco as he was known, was born on December 4, 1892 at the coastal city of El Ferrel in the region known as Galicia in Northwestern Spain. He was close to his mother during his childhood. His father, older brother, and the four generations before him were naval officers. However, the Naval Academy was full so Franco went into the Army. He enrolled into Infantry Academy at Toledo when he was 14 and graduated three years l ater.Franco quickly climbed the ranks of the Spanish Army. He gained a reputation of being a disciplined, honest, and dedicated soldier who was strictly professional. He was promoted to first lieutenant of an elite regiment when he was only 20 years old. He became the youngest captain in the Spanish Army in 1915 at the unprecedented age of 22. He then became second in command to General Jose Millan Astray of the Spanish Foreign Legion in ...